Peer Review The potential of wild vegetation species of Eleusine indica L., and Sonchus arvensis L. for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil

Phytoremediation has been intensively studied due its costs effectiveness and environmentally sound. Studies of heavy metal pollution phytoremediation has been done in develop countries, but still limited in Indonesia. This study aims to explore the potential of wild plant species Eleusine indica L. and Sonchus arvensis L. as an agent of phytoremediation on Cd-contaminated soil. This study was done descriptively in Pujon, Malang, Indonesia, to test the ability of two species of wild plants E. indica and S. arvensis in absorbing Cd. Along this research, plant growth and the concentration of Cd in roots, stems and leaves, was monitored. Plant growth was measured every week for three months. The plant roots, stems, and leaves collected separately, then analyzed its Cd levels. The results showed that both of two species of wild plants grew well on soil contaminated Cd. Plant roots can accumulate higher Cd than the stem part. In addition, E indica has the ability to accumulate Cd higher than S. arvensis, ie 57.11% and 35.84%, respectively

Peer Review The influence of rice husk and tobacco waste biochars on soil quality

Heavy metal pollution in agricultural land threatens soil and food quality. Soil pollution could be remediate using biochar, but the effectiveness of biochar on soil quality improvement is determined by types of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. This study was aimed to explore the effect of different types of biochar on soil properties. Biochar from rice husk and tobacco waste was applied to soil contaminated with lead and mercury. This study was conducted at Sumber Brantas, Malang East Java, and used a completely randomized design with three replicates. Heavy metals content was measured using AAS. The results of measurements were analyzed using analysis of variance at 5% and 1% significance levels. The initial analysis of the soil properties at the research site showed that the soil nutrient status was low, ie N (0.2%), K (0.50 cmol+/kg), and CEC (5.9 me/100g) respectively, but soil pH was neutral (6.8). The research site also has crossed the threshold of heavy metal content for Hg (0.5 ppm), Pb (25.22 ppm), Cd (1.96 ppm), and As (0.78 ppm). Biochar added had a positive influence on soil characteristics improvement. It could increase the content of organic C, ie 35.12% and 31.81% and CEC (cation exchange capacity), ie 30.56 me/100g and 28.13 me/100 g for rice husk biochar and tobacco waste biochar, respectively. However, N, P, and K contents were low ie N (0.33 and 0.30%); P2O5 (148.79 and 152 ppm); K (1.58 and 2.11 mg/100g) for rice husk biochar and tobacco waste biochar, respectively

Similarity The potential of wild vegetation species of Eleusine indica L., and Sonchus arvensis L. for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil

Phytoremediation has been intensively studied due its costs effectiveness and environmentally sound. Studies of heavy metal pollution phytoremediation has been done in develop countries, but still limited in Indonesia. This study aims to explore the potential of wild plant species Eleusine indica L. and Sonchus arvensis L. as an agent of phytoremediation on Cd-contaminated soil. This study was done descriptively in Pujon, Malang, Indonesia, to test the ability of two species of wild plants E. indica and S. arvensis in absorbing Cd. Along this research, plant growth and the concentration of Cd in roots, stems and leaves, was monitored. Plant growth was measured every week for three months. The plant roots, stems, and leaves collected separately, then analyzed its Cd levels. The results showed that both of two species of wild plants grew well on soil contaminated Cd. Plant roots can accumulate higher Cd than the stem part. In addition, E indica has the ability to accumulate Cd higher than S. arvensis, ie 57.11% and 35.84%, respectively

Similarity Phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated agricultural land using indigenous plants

The content of the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) which is excessive in the soil could affects on the soil and plants health. The aim of this descriptive study was to investigate the ability of selected indigenous plants in stabilizing Cd. The study was conducted at an agricultural production center in Batu City, East Java, Indonesia. There were two stages of this study, namely:(1) analysis of nutrient and heavy metal contamination, and (2) phytoremediation experiment by using five types of indigenous plants. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Once the plants were harvested, the plant materials then were analyzed the heavy metal content remaining in the soil and absorbed by the plants. The heavy metal content analysis used AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry). Subsequently, the analysis result data were calculated for the bio-concentration factor (BCF) and heavy metal reduction. The initial content of heavy metal Cd in the soil prior phytoremediation had passed the threshold value (2.26 mg kg-1). The five indigenous plants tested on the contaminated soil showed a good growth pattern, especially in the fourth week after planting. The average ability of this selected plant to reduce heavy metals Cd was up to 71.2%. The reductions of heavy metals Cd obtained by each plant were Vetiveria zizanioides (71.2%), Eleusine indica, L.(58.9%), Ageratum conyzoides L.(52.2%), Euphorbia hirta (51.8%) and Chromolaena odorata (22.1%)

RESPON TANAMAN SELADA WANGI (Lactuca sativa L. var. Longifolia) SISTEM VERTIKULTUR TERHADAP MEDIA TANAM DAN INTERVAL PENYIRAMAN

This study aimed to determine the response of lettuce plants to type planting media and watering intervals in the verticulture system. This research method used a split-plot design with eight treatments and three replications, including Main plots P1 (2 days watering interval) and P2 (4 days watering interval). The second treatment as sub-plots consisted of planting media: M1 (soil: manure), M2 (manure: sand), M3 (manure: husk charcoal), and M4 (soil: manure: husk charcoal). Observations included growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves, leaf area) and harvest parameters (total fresh weight of plants, fresh weight of roots, total dry weight of plants, dry weight of plants without roots, dry weight of roots). The result of the 2nd watering interval was able to significantly increase the growth component and fragrant lettuce plants compared to the 4th watering interval. Different types of planting media showed a significant effect on plant height but did not affect the number of leaves, leaf area, and components of the yield of fragrant lettuce

PENGARUH PEMANFAATAN PUPUK KANDANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG PADA KONDISI KEKURANGAN AIR

Problems faced by dryland maize include less available water, erosion, soil structure-degradation, low organic matter content and other chemical elements. This experiment was carried out to elucidate the effect of manure application on the growth and yield of maize under water limited condition. The research was conducted in a glasshouse of Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University, Malang having altitude of 505 m above of sea level and the predominance soil type is an Andisol. The experiment used Randomized Block Design Factorial with two factors and three replicates. The first factor was manure application, consisting of: control (PO), chicken manure 15 t/ha (PI) and cow manure 15 t/ha (P2) treatments. The second factor was water volume consisting of: 150 mm/season (Al), 300 mm/season (A2) and 450 mm/season (A3) treatments. The results showed that there was a strong interaction between manure application and water volume in affecting grain dry weight per plant and plant total dry weight on harvest. Application of 15 t/ha chicken manure combined with 300 mm water volume/season gave the best yield compared to cow manure and control that each combined with 300 mm season water volume treatmen

EFEKTIFITAS BEBERAPA JENIS BAHAN ORGANIK TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KESUBURAN TANAH DAN HASIL PADI

Rice continuous planting without additional biomass application decreases soil fertility and nutrient stability in the soil. Different kind of legumes crops in the tropic is one of possibility can used an organic fertilizer. The aims of this study was to evaluate legume crops as organic matter, and kind of legume crop potentially has high nutrient in the soil after rice harvest and be continue used by following crops. To evaluate additional organic matters to increased yield of rice. The study was conducted from July to November 2013 at Amadanom village, sub district of Dampit and Malang district. Split plot design was used with three (3) replication and two (2) factor. Main plot consist of N0 (no addition an organic fertilizer), N1 (N an organic fertilizer 30 kg/ha), N2 (N an organic fertilizer 60 kg/ha). Sub plot additional organic matters 20 t/ha consist of : B1 (biomass of Crotalaria juncea L.), B2 (biomass of Sesbania rostrata) and B3 (biomass of Tithonia diversifolia). The result showed that additional biomass Sesbania rostrata and N an organic fertilizer 30 kg/ha increased yield by 104,98%. The high contribution on nutrient content in the soil and application of biomass Sesbania rostrata. It was concluded that organic matter of Sesbania rostrata was effective as organic fertilizer to increased soil fertility and rice yiel

STIMULASI PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF PHALAENOPSIS DENGAN INDOLE ACETIC ACID (IAA)

The objectives of this research was leaning and finding the consentrade of IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) on vegetative growth of Phalaenopsis sp. The research used a randomly completely block design consisting of five treatments on level IAA consentration : 0 mg/l (A0), 100 mg/l (A1), 200 mg/l (A2), 300 mg/l (A3) and 400 mg/l (A4). Every treatment was replicated five times. The observed parameters included the amount of increasing leaves, the length and width of lives, the amount of increasing roots and the length of increasing roots. The results showed that the consentrade 400 mg/l IAA was the most appropriate consentrade to stimulated on vegetative growth of Phalaenopsis sp. The length of increasing leaves was 0,93 cm and the amount of increasing roots was 3,9