Taxonomic notes and new species of <i>Burmomiles </i>and <i>Sanaungulus</i> (Coleoptera, Cantharidae) from northern Myanmar during the late Mesozoic

In this study, Poinarelektronmiles Fanti & Damgaard, 2020 is considered as a junior synonym of Burmomiles Fanti, Damgaard & Ellenberger, 2018, since no generic diagnostic differences can be found in their type species except for the elytral length, which is a yet unstable and more ecology-related character. The two hitherto known species of Poinarelektronmiles are transferred to Burmomiles or Sanaungulus Fanti, Damgaard & Ellenberger, 2018, including B. ellenbergeri (Fanti & Damgaard, 2020) comb. nov. and S. cuaroni (Bramanti & Fanti, 2022) comb. nov. Meanwhile, B. dominikiweissbachi (Fanti & Müller, 2022) comb. nov., B. kachinensis (Fanti & Müller, 2022) comb. nov. and B. lethi (Fanti & Damgaard, 2020) comb. nov. are transferred from Sanaungulus. Six Sanaungulus species are suggested to be placed in Cantharidae incertae sedis, including S. electrum Fanti & Müller, 2022, S. franziskaeweissbachae Fanti & Müller, 2022, S. nalae Fanti & Müller, 2022, S. morellii Fanti & Damgaard, 2020, S. rosenzweigi Fanti & Damgaard, 2020 and S. ruicheni (Hsiao & Huang, 2018), due to their absence of antennal appendages in males. The gender identity for S. kirstenaeweissbachae Fanti & Müller, 2022 and S. cuaroni originally defined as females are corrected into males, according to their pectinate antennae. Additionally, four new species, S. marginalis sp. nov., S. longicornis sp. nov., S. elongaticollis sp. nov., and S. undecimus sp. nov., are described and illustrated. These results will significantly complement and expand our knowledge on the Burmite cantharid diversity.</p

Measurement setup.

Mobile handset configured to access the Internet using a WiFi access point hosted on a Raspberry Pi. A system certificate is installed on the phone to be able to decrypt outgoing traffic. The laptop pretends to any process running on the handset to be the destination server, creates a connection to the actual target, and relays requests and their replies between handset and server while logging the traffic.</p

Connection categories sending device hardware/system configuration data.

Connection categories sending device hardware/system configuration data.</p

Connection categories sending list of installed apps.

Connection categories sending list of installed apps.</p

FDR-persistent identifiers sent together in same network connection (and so trivially linkable), plus whether Google Ad ID is sent in the same connection (so making it trivially linkable to the FDR-persistent identifiers).

FDR-persistent identifiers sent together in same network connection (and so trivially linkable), plus whether Google Ad ID is sent in the same connection (so making it trivially linkable to the FDR-persistent identifiers).</p

Summary of measured identifier scope/persistence vs category of network connection and OEM.

Network connections without identifiers are not shown. (a) Samsung, (b) Xiaomi, (c) Huawei, and (d) Realme.</p

FDR-persistent identifiers used in network connections associated with OEM system services.

FDR-persistent identifiers used in network connections associated with OEM system services.</p

Summary of measurement data.

(PDF)</p

Impact of Polymers on Crystal Growth Rate of Structurally Diverse Compounds from Aqueous Solution

The presence of an effective crystal growth inhibitor in solution is desirable to prolong supersaturation since residual crystalline material in an amorphous formulation resulting from the manufacturing process or formed during storage or dissolution can potentially have a significant impact on the extent and duration of supersaturation. In this study, the effectiveness of a group of chemically diverse polymers, including several recently synthesized cellulose derivatives, on solution crystal growth of three structurally diverse compounds (celecoxib, efavirenz, and ritonavir) was quantified at different extents of supersaturation and compared. Despite the different chemical properties and structures of the model compounds, nonspecific hydrophobic drug–polymer interactions appeared to be important in determining the impact of a given polymer on crystal growth for of all these drug compounds. Specific intermolecular interactions were also found to be important for crystal growth inhibition of celecoxib and efavirenz by the hydrophilic polymer, PVPVA. These interactive forceshydrophobicity and specific intermolecular interactionsare likely to promote adsorption of the polymer onto the surface of the crystalline drugs, thus influencing crystal growth. The effectiveness of the polymers also depended on the rate of crystallization of the drug molecules. At a similar supersaturation ratio of ∼1.2, ritonavir and celecoxib had slower normalized crystal growth rates (0.20 and 0.91 mg min^–1 m^–2, respectively), while the normalized crystal growth rate of efavirenz was significantly higher (2.97 mg min^–1 m^–2), resulting in lower levels of crystal growth inhibition by the polymers for efavirenz

Effect of Binary Additive Combinations on Solution Crystal Growth of the Poorly Water-Soluble Drug, Ritonavir

Combinations of additives (polymers and surfactants) are often used in pharmaceutical products to improve the delivery of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Additive interactions have not been widely studied and may promote or inhibit crystallization (nucleation and crystal growth) in an unpredictable manner, which in turn has an impact on the extent and duration of supersaturation. In this study, the effect of a series of polymer/polymer and polymer/surfactant combinations on crystal growth inhibition was investigated. Surprisingly, the majority of the polymer/polymer combinations investigated had a synergistic effect on crystal growth inhibition. The effectiveness of the polymer/polymer combinations was ascribed to the formation of interpolymer complexes through hydrophobic interactions that adsorb and interact favorably with the crystallizing solute and/or, interaction of individual polymers at different adsorption sites. The acceleration of crystal growth in the presence of polymer/surfactant combinations was attributed to weakened interactions between the polymer and the surface of the crystallizing solute brought about by the presence of surfactant molecules. Based on these observations, careful evaluation of the impact of combinations of additives on crystallization behavior is recommended in order to optimize the performance of supersaturating dosage forms