Body temperature and cardiovascular control during exercise in the heat: implications for special populations and athletic performance

Exercise in the heat increases the risk of dehydration and hyperthermia, subsequently impaired cardiovascular function and increased thermal stress. The purpose of this dissertation is to determine the fluid balance, cardiovascular function, thermoregulation, and cooling intervention during exercise in the heat. Four novel studies were conducted in this dissertation. The first and second studies investigated the fluid balance during exercise in the heat across different sports with their special concerns. The first study conducted in female soccer, suggesting most players were in a hypohydration state after practice, and various fluid needs were exhibited by different positions, possibly associated with on-field physical exertion characteristics. The second study was a longitudinal study examining the physiological and hematological responses of football players with sickle cell trait (SCT). SCT exhibited ~37% of hemoglobin S and had a greater serum uric acid concentration and red blood cell distribution width. Furthermore, SCT had 14% less distance ran on the field across the same intensity compared to position-matched controls. These two hydration studies provided the applicable information for teams to promote hydration guidelines and better monitor biomarkers in SCT during exercise in the heat. The third and fourth studies examined the effects of cooling interventions on lowering body temperature and thermal stress. The third study was a pilot study to examine the effects of leg cooling on soccer-simulated intermittent exercise performance. The results suggested leg cooling lowered thigh skin temperature by 4.3°C and was effective to decrease auditory canal temperature, core temperature, and thermal sensation. Tissue saturation index was not changed, suggesting muscle blood flow was not affected in this cooling treatment. The last study determined the effects of t-shirt fabric materials on upper-body heat dissipation during exercise in the heat with or without simulated wind. The results suggested the novel shirt with the cooling fan exhibited a superior upper-body heat dissipation during exercise in the heat, mainly decrease averaged skin temperature, ratings of perceived exertion, and promote subjective overall feeling. Given these two cooling studies above, we provided the noticeable applications in external cooling method and clothing material factor to decrease body thermal stress

Automatic Approach for Lung Segmentation with Juxta-Pleural Nodules from Thoracic CT Based on Contour Tracing and Correction

This paper presents a fully automatic framework for lung segmentation, in which juxta-pleural nodule problem is brought into strong focus. The proposed scheme consists of three phases: skin boundary detection, rough segmentation of lung contour, and pulmonary parenchyma refinement. Firstly, chest skin boundary is extracted through image aligning, morphology operation, and connective region analysis. Secondly, diagonal-based border tracing is implemented for lung contour segmentation, with maximum cost path algorithm used for separating the left and right lungs. Finally, by arc-based border smoothing and concave-based border correction, the refined pulmonary parenchyma is obtained. The proposed scheme is evaluated on 45 volumes of chest scans, with volume difference (VD) 11.15±69.63 cm3, volume overlap error (VOE) 3.5057±1.3719%, average surface distance (ASD) 0.7917±0.2741 mm, root mean square distance (RMSD) 1.6957±0.6568 mm, maximum symmetric absolute surface distance (MSD) 21.3430±8.1743 mm, and average time-cost 2 seconds per image. The preliminary results on accuracy and complexity prove that our scheme is a promising tool for lung segmentation with juxta-pleural nodules

Glucosyl anthranilate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C21H25NO11, the hexopyranosyl ring adopts a chair conformation and the five substituents are in equatorial positions. An intra­molecular hydrogen bond between the amino group and a neighbouring carbonyl group is found. Two carbonyl groups are disordered and were refined using a split model

Registration based Few-Shot Anomaly Detection

This paper considers few-shot anomaly detection (FSAD), a practical yet under-studied setting for anomaly detection (AD), where only a limited number of normal images are provided for each category at training. So far, existing FSAD studies follow the one-model-per-category learning paradigm used for standard AD, and the inter-category commonality has not been explored. Inspired by how humans detect anomalies, i.e., comparing an image in question to normal images, we here leverage registration, an image alignment task that is inherently generalizable across categories, as the proxy task, to train a category-agnostic anomaly detection model. During testing, the anomalies are identified by comparing the registered features of the test image and its corresponding support (normal) images. As far as we know, this is the first FSAD method that trains a single generalizable model and requires no re-training or parameter fine-tuning for new categories. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art FSAD methods by 3%-8% in AUC on the MVTec and MPDD benchmarks.Comment: ECCV 2022 Oral; Code is available at https://github.com/MediaBrain-SJTU/RegA