2 research outputs found
Gut Microbiota-Derived 5‑Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid Alleviates Diarrhea in Piglets via the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway
With the improvement in sow prolificacy,
formula feeding
has been
increasingly used in the pig industry. Diarrhea remains a serious
health concern in formula-fed (FF) piglets. Fecal microbiota transplantation
(FMT) is an efficacious strategy to reshape gut microbiota and the
metabolic profile for treating diarrhea. This study aims to investigate
whether FMT from breast-fed piglets could alleviate diarrhea in FF
piglets. The piglets were randomly assigned to the control (CON) group,
FF group, and FMT group. Our results showed that FF piglets exhibited
a higher diarrhea incidence, damaged colonic morphology, and disrupted
barrier function. In contrast, FMT treatment normalized the morphology
and barrier function. FMT suppressed the JNK/MAPK pathway and production of proinflammatory cytokines.
Additionally, FF piglets had a lower abundance of the beneficial bacterial
genus Bifidobacterium compared to CON piglets. Following
FMT administration, Bifidobacterium was restored.
Meanwhile, 5-HIAA, a metabolite of tryptophan, and AHR-responsive CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 were
upregulated. Importantly, integrated multiomics analysis revealed
a strong positive correlation between Bifidobacterium and 5-HIAA. In vitro, 5-HIAA supplementation reversed the LPS-induced
disruption of tight junctions and production of proinflammatory cytokines
in IPEC-J2 cells. In conclusion, FMT reduced diarrhea incidence and
improved growth performance. The alleviative effect of FMT on diarrhea
was associated with Bifidobacterium and 5-HIAA
Boosting CO<sub>2</sub> Conversion by Synergy of Lead-Free Perovskite Cs<sub>2</sub>SnCl<sub>6</sub> and Plasma with H<sub>2</sub>O
Although dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is
a promising
technique for CO2 conversion, realizing CO2-to-alcohol
is still challenging via the use of H2O. Herein, for the
first time, efficient CO2 conversion was achieved via the
synergism between the Cs2SnCl6 photocatalyst
and DBD plasma assisted by H2O. The CO2 conversion
ratio of plasma photocatalysis was 6.5% higher than that of only the
plasma and photocatalysis, implying that the synergism of plasma catalysis
and photocatalysis was achieved. Furthermore, the DBD plasma assisted
by the Cs2SnCl6 photocatalyst could convert
CO2 and H2O to CO and a small amount of methanol
and ethanol. The CO2 conversion ratio was enhanced by 50.6%
in the presence of H2O, which was attributed to the improvement
of charge transfer due to the increased electrical conductivity of
the photocatalyst surface during plasma discharge. This work provides
a new idea for developing an efficient system for CO2 utilization