Preparation of Waste-LDPE/SBS Composite High-Viscosity Modifier and Its Effect on the Rheological Properties and Microstructure of Asphalt

To reduce the cost of high-viscosity modifier (HVM) and alleviate white pollution problems, we prepared the environment-friendly HVM (E-HVM) by using waste-low density polyethylene/styrene-butadiene-styrene (waste-LDPE/SBS) composite. The physical characteristics of the E-HVM modifier were first investigated. Additionally, the effects of E-HVM modifier dosage (8 wt% to 20 wt%) on the rheological properties and microstructure of asphalt were, respectively, researched by dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), bending beam rheometer (BBR), and fluorescence microscopy (FM). The results show that the E-HVM modifier has lower molecular weight, and its distribution is wider than that of the Tafpack-Super (TPS) modifier; thus, the E-HVM modifier had better compatibility with asphalt, which has also been proven by FM images. Due to these reasons, the E-HVM modifier improves the high-temperature performances of asphalt more effectively than the TPS modifier, which is shown by the higher dynamic viscosity (60 °C) and G* and the lower δ and Jnr(τ) Furthermore, compared to TPS modified asphalt, E-HVM modified asphalt also has a higher fatigue life at different strain levels (2.5% and 5.0%), but worse low-temperature performance. Following a comprehensive consideration of performances, the reasonable dosage range of E-HVM modifier is 12 wt% to 16 wt%

Salt-Enhanced Oxidative Addition of Iodobenzene to Pd: an Inter-play Between Cation, Anion and Pd-Pd Cooperative Effects

Halide salts facilitate the oxidative addition of organic halides to Pd(0). This phenomenon originates from a combina-tion of anionic, cationic and Pd-Pd cooperative effects. Exhaustive computational exploration at the DFT level of the com-plexes obtained from [Pd0(PPh3)2] and a salt (NMe4Cl or LiCl) showed that chlorides promote phosphine release, leading to a mixture of mononuclear and dinuclear Pd(0) complexes. Anionic Pd(0) dinuclear complexes exhibit a cooperativity between Pd(0) centers which favors the oxidative addition of iodobenzene. The higher activity of Pd(0) dimers toward oxidative addition rationalizes the previously reported kinetic laws. In the presence of Li+, the oxidative addition to mon-onuclear [Pd0L(Li2Cl2)] is estimated barrierless. LiCl coordination polarizes Pd(0), enlarging both the electrophilicity and the nucleophilicity of the complex, which promotes both coordination of the substrate and the subsequent insertion into the C-I bond. These conclusions are paving the way to the rational use of salt effect in catalysis for the activation of more challenging bonds

Mass-Transfer-Induced Multistep Phase Separation in Emulsion Droplets: Toward Self-Assembly Multilayered Emulsions and Onionlike Microspheres

Mass-transfer-induced multistep phase separation was found in emulsion droplets. The agent system consists of a monomer (ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ETPTA), an oligomer (polyethylene glycol diacrylate, PEGDA 700), and water. The PEGDA in the separated layers offered partial miscibility of all the components throughout the multistep phase-separation procedure, which was terminated by the depletion of PEGDA in the outermost layer. The number of separated portions was determined by the initial PEGDA content, and the initial droplet size influenced the mass-transfer process and consequently determined the sizes of the separated layers. The resultant multilayered emulsions were demonstrated to offer an orderly temperature-responsive release of the inner cores. Moreover, the emulsion droplets can be readily solidified into onionlike microspheres by ultraviolet light curing, providing a new strategy in designing particle structures

Radiofrequency ablation of liver VX2 tumor: experimental results with MR diffusion-weighted imaging at 3.0T.

PurposeTo evaluate the value of DWI in detecting the lesions of pre- and post-radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the rabbit liver VX2 tumors.Materials and methodsTwenty-two New Zealand White rabbits were tested. The protocol was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments. Twenty separate tumor fragments were implanted into the livers of 20 rabbits, the liver was exposed by performing midline laparotomy. 3.0T MR DWI (b = 0, 200, 400, 600, 800,1000 s/mm2) were performed 14-21 days after tumor implantation (mean, 17 days) in the 18 tumor-bearing animals. Then RFA was performed in the 18 tumor-bearing animals and in the two healthy animals. 3.0T MR DWI was performed 7-10 days after RFA (mean, 8 days). Pathology exam was performed immediately after the completion of post- RFA MR imaging. Analyzing the features of MRI and ADC values in the pre- and post- RFA lesions of the VX2 tumors, and histopathologic results were compared with imaging findings.ResultsThe difference of ADC value between viable tumor and normal liver parenchyma was significant (PConclusions3.0T MR DWI can be used to follow up the progress of the RFA lesion, it is useful in detecting different tissues after RFA, and it is valuable in the further clinical research

Nanostructure of Superlubricating Tribofilm Based on Friction-Induced a-C:H Films under Various Working Conditions: A Review of Solid Lubrication

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) film has gained widespread popularity as a versatile and important solid lubricant material in the field of tribology. Among various types of DLC films, hydrogen-rich DLC (a-C:H) film as a high-performance material has greatly enhanced anti-friction and anti-wear. However, despite its remarkable capabilities, the surface chemical properties and tribological performance of a-C:H film are significantly influenced by the surrounding environment, in special atmospheric conditions. Its super-slip mechanism involves the participation of hydrogen atoms, which can weaken the normal electron number of the outermost layer of a-C:H film. What is more, it is essential to investigate tribofilms in a vacuum or inert gas environment to ascertain the appropriate tribological properties of a-C:H film, which helps in mitigating oxidation effects. When non-doped DLC films are subjected to friction in a dry nitrogen or argon environment, they create sp3-C-rich transfer films on the contact surface, resulting in macroscopic super-slip effects. This paper aims to introduce and discuss the diverse nanostructures of in situ tribofilms in a-C:H film, focusing on the working environment, and explore the prospective application directions of a-C:H film

EWELD: A Large-Scale Industrial and Commercial Load Dataset in Extreme Weather Events

Abstract Load forecasting is crucial for the economic and secure operation of power systems. Extreme weather events, such as extreme heat and typhoons, can lead to more significant fluctuations in power consumption, making load forecasting more difficult. At present, due to the lack of relevant public data, the research on load forecasting under extreme weather events is still blank, so it is necessary to release a large-scale load dataset containing extreme weather events. The dataset includes electricity consumption data of industrial and commercial users under extreme weather events such as typhoons and extreme heat, which are collected at 15-minute intervals. The data is collected over six years from smart meters installed at the power entry points of users in southern China. The dataset consists of electricity consumption data from 386 industrial and commercial users in 17 industries, with more than 50 million records. During the recording period, extreme weather events such as typhoons and extreme heat are marked to form a total of 5,741 event records

Selective Cellulose Hydrogenolysis to 2,5-Hexanedione and 1-Hydroxy-2-hexanone Using Ni@NC Combined with H3PO4

The production of ketones from cellulose is critical but challenging due to the easy hydrogenation of ketone groups. Herein, Ni particles encapsulated in N-doped carbon layers (Ni@ NC) were synthesized and used as efficient catalysts for direct cellulose hydrogenolysis to 2,5-hexanedione (HD) and 1-hydroxy-2-hexanone (HHO) in H3PO4 aqueous solution. HD and the first reported HHO in this work could be simultaneously produced with the yields of 34.1% and 24.5%, respectively. It was found that the hydrolyzed glucose was the key intermediate in the formation of these two target products. HD originated from the hydrolysis of 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF) that was produced via glucose (from cellulose hydrolysis catalyzed by H3PO4) isomerization to fructose, followed by fructose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and 5-HMF hydrodeoxgenation. In parallel, HHO was obtained from the selective hydrodeoxygenation of hexoses. The N species of Ni@NC catalysts acted as the basic sites for promoting glucose isomerization to fructose. The production of ketones could be attributed to the tailored hydrogenation ability of Ni@NC, which facilitated the selective preservation of C.O bonds. The synergy between H3PO4 (cellulose hydrolysis and C-O bond splitting by hydrogenolysis), base (aldehyde isomerization to ketone), and metallic Ni (hydrogenation) played an essential role in the formation of ketone-containing products with high yields

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Hydrodeoxygenation Coupled with Water-Gas Shift Reaction for 2,5-Dimethylfuran Production over Au/ZrO2 Catalysts

For the biomass catalytic valorization in the presence of a H-2 atmosphere, large amounts of H2O and H-2 are necessary to improve the processing efficiency, which resulted in the waste of such generous inputs. As a model reaction, the traditional hydrodeoxygenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) selectively produces 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF) under high pressure H-2. Meanwhile, the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) can counteract the harmful CO by simultaneously producing H-2 from H2O. The hydrogenolysis of 5-HMF to 2,5-DMF produces H2O because of the hydroxyl group removal. Therefore, adding a trace amount of H2O to initiate 5-HMF hydrodeoxygenation coupled with WGSR to achieve H2O recycling in the reaction process is of great significance but extremely challenging. Herein, we reported a new process for the selective hydrodeoxygenation of 5-HMF to 2,5-DMF coupled with WGSR using a single catalyst, Au/ZrO2. A detailed study showed that the hydrogen species produced in situ by WGSR was used for 5-HMF hydrodeoxygenation to obtain 78.5% of 2,5-DMF yield. The H/H2O cycle in the coupling reactions exhibited a H-2 utilization efficiency of 88.2%. Without using external H-2, this work provided a new method for 5-HMF hydrodeoxygenation to 2,5-DMF triggered by WGSR and also showed the potential for application in H2O-saving conversion of cellulosic biomass with C-OH or C=O groups to value-added chemicals and fuels

ADC values of different tissues with different b values after radiofrequency ablation.

<p>9 of 18 rabbits with viable tumor, and 9 of 18 rabbits with complete necrosis after radiofrequency ablation. Unit of b value is s/mm², unit of ADC value is 10⁻³ mm²/s. The 2 values in the bracket refer to lower bound, upper bound of 95% confidence interval, respectively.</p