9 research outputs found

    A phylogenetic tree showing the relationship of <i>Nosema ceranae</i> isolates.

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    <p>The partial sequences of 16S ribosomal RNA of <i>N. ceranae</i> from <i>A. cerana</i> collected in different geographic locations of China and from <i>A. mellifera</i> retrieved from GenBank were aligned using ClustalW. The tree was built using the Neighbor-Joining method. The sequence of <i>Encephalitozoon cuniculi</i> was used as an outgroup to root the tree. Numbers at each node represent bootstrap values as percentages of 500 and only bootstrap values greater than 50% are shown.</p

    A phylogenetic tree showing the relationship of DWV isolates.

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    <p>The partial sequences of RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of DWV from <i>A. cerana</i> collected from different geographic locations of China and from <i>Apis mellifera</i> retrieved from GenBank were aligned using ClustalW. The sequence of IAPV was used as an outgroup to root the tree. Numbers at each node represent bootstrap values as percentages of 500 and only bootstrap values greater than 50% are shown.</p

    A phylogenetic tree showing the relationship of <i>C. bombi</i> isolates.

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    <p>The partial sequences of 18 S ribosomal RNA of <i>C. bombi</i> from <i>Apis cerana</i> collected from different geographic locations of China and from bumble bee species retrieved from GenBank were aligned using ClustalW. The tree was built using the Neighbor-Joining method. The sequence of <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> was used as an outgroup to root the tree. Numbers at each node represent bootstrap values as percentages of 500 and only bootstrap values greater than 50% are shown.</p

    Relative abundance of four bacterial groups between <i>N. ceranae</i>-infected and non-infected <i>A. cerana</i>.

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    <p>A) Bifidobacterium; B) Lactobacillus, C) Neisseriaceae, and D) Pasteurellaceae. The y-axis depicts fold difference in quantities of each bacterial species between non-infected workers and <i>N. ceranae</i> infected workers. For each bacterial group, the <i>N. ceranae</i> infected workers had relatively lower level of bacterial titer, compared to non-infected bees and therefore was chosen as a calibrator. The concentration of each bacterial group in non-infected bees was compared with calibrator and expressed as n-fold change.</p

    Pie chart showing the percentage of Bifidobacterium, Neisseriaceae, Pasteurellaceae and Lactobacillus and uncommon bacteria types identified in worker bees.

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    <p>Pie chart showing the percentage of Bifidobacterium, Neisseriaceae, Pasteurellaceae and Lactobacillus and uncommon bacteria types identified in worker bees.</p

    Sampling locations in China.

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    <p>See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0047955#pone-0047955-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a> for collection details of location.</p

    A phylogenetic tree showing the relationship of BQCV isolates.

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    <p>The partial sequences of 3′ UTR of BQCV from <i>A. cerana</i> collected from different geographic locations of China and from <i>Apis mellifera</i> retrieved from GenBank were aligned using ClustalW. The sequence of IAPV was used as an outgroup to root the tree. Numbers at each node represent bootstrap values as percentages of 500 and only bootstrap values greater than 50% are shown.</p
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