Cardiac function and blood glucose level analysis.

<p>Compared with Con group, the data, including FS, CO and ±dp/dt, revealed significantly decreased cardiac function of DM. And FTY720 could improve these changes. The group receiving vehicle alone did not exhibit any improvement (a–d). Fig. 1e showed all groups remained stable blood glucose level from the 8th week(Con<130 mg/dl; all diabetes >300 mg/dl). * P<0.05 Compared with the Control Group. # P<0.05 Compared with the DM Group.</p

Baseline Characteristics of Cardiac Function at 0 week after diabetes induced.

*<p>P<0.05 vs. Con.</p

Luteolin alleviates leukocyte infiltration and reduces cytokine levels after I/R injury in diabetic rats.

<p>Luteolin reduced the MPO activity compared with the I/R group and the wortmannin group (a). Luteolin reduced the levels of IL-6, IL-1α and TNF-α production compared with the I/R group and the wortmannin group (b, c, d). The columns and errors bars represent means and SD. <b>*</b><i>p</i><0.05 <i>vs</i> Non-DM, ^#<i>p</i><0.05 <i>vs</i> Sham, <b>^§</b><i>p</i><0.05 <i>vs</i> Luteolin.</p

Chemical structures of three dimeric RGD peptides [¹⁸F]FPPRGD2, [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-NOTA-PRGD2 and [¹⁸F]AlF-NOTA-PRGD2.

<p>Chemical structures of three dimeric RGD peptides [¹⁸F]FPPRGD2, [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-NOTA-PRGD2 and [¹⁸F]AlF-NOTA-PRGD2.</p

Count and apoptosis analysis of vascular endothelial cells 200×(CD31: Red; TUNEL: Green; DAPI: Blue).

<p>CD31 positive endothelial cells in diabetic rats were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The apoptosis index of cardiac endothelial cells in DM rats was much higher than in controls (P<0.05). FTY720 significantly slowed the apoptosis rate (P<0.05), while the vehicle group did not exhibit any difference with DM. * P<0.05 Compared with the Control Group. # P<0.05 Compared with the DM Group.</p

Logan graphical analysis fitting to 60-min dynamic microPET data, which showed excellent linearity of normalized integrated (Int) tumor activity vs. normalized integrated muscle tissue activity effective for time >30 min.

<p>Slopes of fits represent DVRs.</p

Basic Parameters of the Rats.

<p>Values are presented as mean ± SD.</p

The three-compartment model describing RGD tracer kinetics in tumor and the two-compartment model describing RGD tracer kinetics in reference tissue.

<p>Cp represents tracer concentration in arterial blood plasma. Ct represents the free or non-specific binding of tracer in interstitial and intracellular space. Cm represents the portion of RGD tracer bound specifically to integrin. K₁, k₂, k₃ and k₄ are the transport and binding rates of the tracer. K1 [ml/g/min] reflects the perfusion rate into tissue. k₂ [1/min] represents the clearance rate from plasma. k₃ [1/min] is the specific binding rate and k₄ [1/min] is the dissociation rate.</p

Figure 6

<p>(<b>a</b>) Binding potential (Bp_ND) of ¹⁸F-labeled RGD peptide tracers. (<b>b</b>) Volumes of distribution (V_T) of ¹⁸F-labeled RGD peptide tracers. The Bp_ND was calculated as k₃/k₄ reflecting the binding affinity, and the volume of distribution (V_T = K₁/k₂(1+k₃/k₄)) reflects the tissue-to-plasma concentration ratio. V_T can be regarded as the sum of specific (V_S = K₁·k₃/(k₂·k₄)) and nonspecific (V_ND = K₁/k₂) distribution. (<b>c</b>) Volume of distribution of tumor, kidneys, muscle and liver.</p

Western blot analysis.

<p>Western blot analysis revealed that Luteolin treatment increased the expression of antiapoptotic proteins FGFR2 and LIF as compared with the I/R group and wortmannin group (a, b). Luteolin also enhanced phosphorylation of Akt and BAD, increased Bax expression while decreased Bcl-2 expression resulted in decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in cardiac tissue that were exposed to I/R injury (c, d, e). The PI3K inhibitor wortmannin abolished the effects of Luteolin on antiapoptotic proteins expression. The columns and errors bars represent means and SD. <b>*</b><i>p</i><0.05 <i>vs</i> Non-DM, ^#<i>p</i><0.05 <i>vs</i> Sham, <b>^§</b><i>p</i><0.05 <i>vs</i> Luteolin.</p