Aircraft route recovery based on distributed integer programming method

In order to further promote the application and development of unmanned aviation in the manned field, and reduce the difficulty that airlines cannot avoid due to unexpected factors such as bad weather, aircraft failure, and so on, the problem of restoring aircraft routes has been studied. To reduce the economic losses caused by flight interruption, this paper divides the repair problem of aircraft operation plans into two sub problems, namely, the generation of flight routes and the reallocation of aircraft. Firstly, the existing fixed-point iteration method proposed by Dang is used to solve the feasible route generation model based on integer programming. To calculate quickly and efficiently, a segmentation method that divides the solution space into mutually independent segments is proposed as the premise of distributed computing. The feasible route is then allocated to the available aircraft to repair the flight plan. The experimental results of two examples of aircraft fault grounding and airport closure show that the method proposed in this paper is effective for aircraft route restoration

Phase-Specific Augmented Reality Guidance for Microscopic Cataract Surgery Using Long-Short Spatiotemporal Aggregation Transformer

Phacoemulsification cataract surgery (PCS) is a routine procedure conducted using a surgical microscope, heavily reliant on the skill of the ophthalmologist. While existing PCS guidance systems extract valuable information from surgical microscopic videos to enhance intraoperative proficiency, they suffer from non-phasespecific guidance, leading to redundant visual information. In this study, our major contribution is the development of a novel phase-specific augmented reality (AR) guidance system, which offers tailored AR information corresponding to the recognized surgical phase. Leveraging the inherent quasi-standardized nature of PCS procedures, we propose a two-stage surgical microscopic video recognition network. In the first stage, we implement a multi-task learning structure to segment the surgical limbus region and extract limbus region-focused spatial feature for each frame. In the second stage, we propose the long-short spatiotemporal aggregation transformer (LS-SAT) network to model local fine-grained and global temporal relationships, and combine the extracted spatial features to recognize the current surgical phase. Additionally, we collaborate closely with ophthalmologists to design AR visual cues by utilizing techniques such as limbus ellipse fitting and regional restricted normal cross-correlation rotation computation. We evaluated the network on publicly available and in-house datasets, with comparison results demonstrating its superior performance compared to related works. Ablation results further validated the effectiveness of the limbus region-focused spatial feature extractor and the combination of temporal features. Furthermore, the developed system was evaluated in a clinical setup, with results indicating remarkable accuracy and real-time performance. underscoring its potential for clinical applications

Insights into the role of nucleotide methylation in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a chronic liver disease characterized by fatty infiltration of the liver. In recent years, the MAFLD incidence rate has risen and emerged as a serious public health concern. MAFLD typically progresses from the initial hepatocyte steatosis to steatohepatitis and then gradually advances to liver fibrosis, which may ultimately lead to cirrhosis and carcinogenesis. However, the potential evolutionary mechanisms still need to be clarified. Recent studies have shown that nucleotide methylation, which was directly associated with MAFLD’s inflammatory grading, lipid synthesis, and oxidative stress, plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of MAFLD. In this review, we highlight the regulatory function and associated mechanisms of nucleotide methylation modification in the progress of MAFLD, with a particular emphasis on its regulatory role in the inflammation of MAFLD, including the regulation of inflammation-related immune and metabolic microenvironment. Additionally, we summarize the potential value of nucleotide methylation in the diagnosis and treatment of MAFLD, intending to provide references for the future investigation of MAFLD

Multiple Open-Circuit Fault Detection and Isolation Using Universal Low-Cost Diagnosis Circuits for Reconfigurable Dual-Active-Bridge Converters

Compared with single-switch open-circuit faults (SOCFs), multiple switches open-circuit faults (MOCFs) of power electronic devices (PEDs) due to high voltage or current stress, false triggering, and manufacturing tolerance have become more challenging. To address this issue, a reconfigurable dual-active-bridge (R-DAB) converter is presented with a fast, accurate, robust, and low-cost fault detection (FD) and fault isolation (FI) scheme to accommodate both SOCFs and MOCFs. Compared with the standard dual active bridge (DAB) topology, the proposed R-DAB will utilize a center-tapped high-frequency transformer and two symmetrical auxiliary inductors, where inherent half-bridge conduction branches are capable of maintaining uninterrupted operations. The proposed FD and FI scheme is straightforward and universal since only the center-tap current in the primary and secondary bridge is monitored as the universal fault signature. Moreover, a simple and low-cost fault diagnostic circuit was designed, which can detect and isolate various open circuit faults (OCFs) of PEDs under varying input and output conditions, without using expensive voltage and current sensors. This sensorless fault diagnosis technique can achieve the fastest fault detection and isolation speed reported so far, which is within a couple of \boldmath $\mu s$ for various OCFs. Experimental results were acquired from an R-DAB prototype under various OCFs to validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique

Plexin B2 and Semaphorin 4C Guide T Cell Recruitment and Function in the Germinal Center

Follicular T helper (TFH) cells orchestrate the germinal center (GC) response locally. TFH localization in GCs is controlled by chemo-guidance cues and antigen-specific adhesion. Here. we define an antigen-independent, contact-dependent, adhesive guidance system for TFH cells. Unusual for amoeboid cell migration, the system is composed of transmembrane plexin B2 (PlxnB2) molecule, which is highly expressed by GC B cells, and its transmembrane binding partner semaphorin 4C (Sema4C), which is upregulated on TFH cells. Sema4C on TFH cells serves as a receptor to sense the GC-presented PlxnB2 cue and biases TFH migration inwards at the GC edge to promote GC access. The absence of PlxnB2 from the GC or Sema4C from TFH cells causes TFH accumulation along the GC border, impairs T-B cell interactions in the GC, and is associated with defective plasma cell production and affinity maturation. Therefore, Sema4C and PlxnB2 regulate GC TFH recruitment and function and optimize antibody responses.This work was funded partly by the Ministry of Science and Technology 973 program (grant 2014CB542501 to H.Q.), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 81425011 and 81330070 to H.Q. and grant 31200670 to L.W.), the Ministry of Science and Technology 863 program (grant 2012AA022403 to L.W.), a China Postdoctoral Science Foundation grant (2013M540970 to L.W.), and the Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences. H.Q. was supported partly by a Bayer Endowed Chair Professorship