2,059 research outputs found
Vertical Semi-Federated Learning for Efficient Online Advertising
As an emerging secure learning paradigm in leveraging cross-silo private
data, vertical federated learning (VFL) is expected to improve advertising
models by enabling the joint learning of complementary user attributes
privately owned by the advertiser and the publisher. However, the 1) restricted
applicable scope to overlapped samples and 2) high system challenge of
real-time federated serving have limited its application to advertising
systems.
In this paper, we advocate new learning setting Semi-VFL (Vertical
Semi-Federated Learning) as a lightweight solution to utilize all available
data (both the overlapped and non-overlapped data) that is free from federated
serving. Semi-VFL is expected to perform better than single-party models and
maintain a low inference cost. It's notably important to i) alleviate the
absence of the passive party's feature and ii) adapt to the whole sample space
to implement a good solution for Semi-VFL. Thus, we propose a carefully
designed joint privileged learning framework (JPL) as an efficient
implementation of Semi-VFL. Specifically, we build an inference-efficient
single-party student model applicable to the whole sample space and meanwhile
maintain the advantage of the federated feature extension. Novel feature
imitation and ranking consistency restriction methods are proposed to extract
cross-party feature correlations and maintain cross-sample-space consistency
for both the overlapped and non-overlapped data.
We conducted extensive experiments on real-world advertising datasets. The
results show that our method achieves the best performance over baseline
methods and validate its effectiveness in maintaining cross-view feature
correlation
Fragments of asthenosphere incorporated in the lithospheric mantle underneath the Subei Basin, eastern China: Constraints from geothermobarometric results and water contents of peridotite xenoliths in Cenozoic basalts
Anhydrous, medium/coarse-grained spinel bearing mantle xenoliths from the Subei Basin, Eastern China have mineral arrangements that reflect low energy geometry. Because of clinopyroxene modal contents, they are grouped into cpx-rich lherzolites (cpx ≥ 14percentage), lherzolites (8 5My, based on modelled H2O solid-solid diffusion rate) the occurrence of the last melting episode. Keywords: Water contents, Fertile mantle, Melting models, Water diffusion, Asthenosphere/lithospher
GIFD: A Generative Gradient Inversion Method with Feature Domain Optimization
Federated Learning (FL) has recently emerged as a promising distributed
machine learning framework to preserve clients' privacy, by allowing multiple
clients to upload the gradients calculated from their local data to a central
server. Recent studies find that the exchanged gradients also take the risk of
privacy leakage, e.g., an attacker can invert the shared gradients and recover
sensitive data against an FL system by leveraging pre-trained generative
adversarial networks (GAN) as prior knowledge. However, performing gradient
inversion attacks in the latent space of the GAN model limits their expression
ability and generalizability. To tackle these challenges, we propose
\textbf{G}radient \textbf{I}nversion over \textbf{F}eature \textbf{D}omains
(GIFD), which disassembles the GAN model and searches the feature domains of
the intermediate layers. Instead of optimizing only over the initial latent
code, we progressively change the optimized layer, from the initial latent
space to intermediate layers closer to the output images. In addition, we
design a regularizer to avoid unreal image generation by adding a small
ball constraint to the searching range. We also extend GIFD to the
out-of-distribution (OOD) setting, which weakens the assumption that the
training sets of GANs and FL tasks obey the same data distribution. Extensive
experiments demonstrate that our method can achieve pixel-level reconstruction
and is superior to the existing methods. Notably, GIFD also shows great
generalizability under different defense strategy settings and batch sizes.Comment: ICCV 202
Achieving Lightweight Federated Advertising with Self-Supervised Split Distillation
As an emerging secure learning paradigm in leveraging cross-agency private
data, vertical federated learning (VFL) is expected to improve advertising
models by enabling the joint learning of complementary user attributes
privately owned by the advertiser and the publisher. However, there are two key
challenges in applying it to advertising systems: a) the limited scale of
labeled overlapping samples, and b) the high cost of real-time cross-agency
serving.
In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised split distillation framework
VFed-SSD to alleviate the two limitations. We identify that: i) there are
massive unlabeled overlapped data available in advertising systems, and ii) we
can keep a balance between model performance and inference cost by decomposing
the federated model. Specifically, we develop a self-supervised task Matched
Pair Detection (MPD) to exploit the vertically partitioned unlabeled data and
propose the Split Knowledge Distillation (SplitKD) schema to avoid cross-agency
serving.
Empirical studies on three industrial datasets exhibit the effectiveness of
our methods, with the median AUC over all datasets improved by 0.86% and 2.6%
in the local deployment mode and the federated deployment mode respectively.
Overall, our framework provides an efficient federation-enhanced solution for
real-time display advertising with minimal deploying cost and significant
performance lift.Comment: Accepted to the Trustworthy Federated Learning workshop of IJCAI2022
(FL-IJCAI22). 6 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables Old title: Semi-Supervised
Cross-Silo Advertising with Partial Knowledge Transfe
LO-Det: Lightweight Oriented Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images
A few lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) models have been
recently designed for remote sensing object detection (RSOD). However, most of
them simply replace vanilla convolutions with stacked separable convolutions,
which may not be efficient due to a lot of precision losses and may not be able
to detect oriented bounding boxes (OBB). Also, the existing OBB detection
methods are difficult to constrain the shape of objects predicted by CNNs
accurately. In this paper, we propose an effective lightweight oriented object
detector (LO-Det). Specifically, a channel separation-aggregation (CSA)
structure is designed to simplify the complexity of stacked separable
convolutions, and a dynamic receptive field (DRF) mechanism is developed to
maintain high accuracy by customizing the convolution kernel and its perception
range dynamically when reducing the network complexity. The CSA-DRF component
optimizes efficiency while maintaining high accuracy. Then, a diagonal support
constraint head (DSC-Head) component is designed to detect OBBs and constrain
their shapes more accurately and stably. Extensive experiments on public
datasets demonstrate that the proposed LO-Det can run very fast even on
embedded devices with the competitive accuracy of detecting oriented objects.Comment: 15 page
Revealing two radio active galactic nuclei extremely near PSR J04374715
Newton's gravitational constant may vary with time at an extremely low
level. The time variability of will affect the orbital motion of a
millisecond pulsar in a binary system and cause a tiny difference between the
orbital period-dependent measurement of the kinematic distance and the direct
measurement of the annual parallax distance. PSR J04374715 is the nearest
millisecond pulsar and the brightest at radio. To explore the feasibility of
achieving a parallax distance accuracy of one light-year, comparable to the
recent timing result, with the technique of differential astrometry, we
searched for compact radio sources quite close to PSR J04374715. Using
existing data from the Very Large Array and the Australia Telescope Compact
Array, we detected two sources with flat spectra, relatively stable flux
densities of 0.9 and 1.0 mJy at 8.4 GHz and separations of 13 and 45 arcsec.
With a network consisting of the Long Baseline Array and the Kunming 40-m radio
telescope, we found that both sources have a point-like structure and a
brightness temperature of 10 K. According to these radio inputs and
the absence of counterparts in the other bands, we argue that they are most
likely the compact radio cores of extragalactic active galactic nuclei rather
than Galactic radio stars. The finding of these two radio active galactic
nuclei will enable us to achieve a sub-pc distance accuracy with the in-beam
phase-referencing very-long-baseline interferometric observations and provide
one of the most stringent constraints on the time variability of in the
near future.Comment: 9 pages, 3 tables, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Učinak glicerola i glukoze na povećanje biomase, udjela lipida i topljivih ugljikohidrata u miksotrofnoj kulturi alge Chlorella vulgaris
Biodiesel-derived glycerol is a promising substrate for mixotrophic cultivation of oleaginous microalgae, which can also reduce the cost of microalgal biodiesel. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of using glycerol and glucose as a complex carbon substrate to produce microalgal biomass and biochemical components, such as photosynthetic pigments, lipids, soluble carbohydrates and proteins by Chlorella vulgaris. The results show that C. vulgaris can utilize glycerol as a sole carbon substrate, but its effect is inferior to that of the mixture of glycerol and glucose. The effect of glycerol and glucose could enhance the algal cell growth rate, biomass content and volumetric productivity, and overcome the lower biomass production on glycerol as the sole organic carbon source in mixotrophic culture medium. The utilization of complex organic carbon substrate can stimulate the biosynthesis of lipids and soluble carbohydrates as the raw materials for biodiesel and bioethanol production, and reduce the anabolism of photosynthetic pigments and proteins. This study provides a promising niche for reducing the overall cost of biodiesel and bioethanol production from microalgae as it investigates the by-products of algal biodiesel production and algal cell hydrolysis as possible raw materials (lipids and carbohydrates) and organic carbon substrates (soluble carbohydrates and glycerol) for mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae.Glicerol dobiven iz biodizela može se upotrijebiti za uzgoj miksotrofnih mikroalgi iz kojih se proizvodi ulje, te za smanjenje troškova proizvodnje biodizela. Svrha je ovoga rada bila ispitati mogućnost primjene glicerola i glukoze u složenoj hranjivoj podlozi za uzgoj alge Chlorella vulgaris, te proizvodnju biomase i biokemijskih sastojaka, kao što su fotosintetski pigmenti, lipidi, topljivi ugljikohidrati i proteini. Rezultati potvrđuju da se alga Chlorella vulgaris može uzgojiti na glicerolu kao jedinom izvoru ugljika, iako su bolji rezultati postignuti uzgojem na podlozi s glicerolom i glukozom. Stopa rasta, prinos biomase i volumetrijska produktivnost alge povećani su primjenom podloge s glicerolom i glukozom, u usporedbi s podlogom koja sadržava samo glukozu kao organski izvor ugljika. Uporabom složene hranjive podloge može se ubrzati biosinteza lipida i topljivih ugljikohidrata (sirovina za proizvodnju biodizela i bioetanola), te usporiti sinteza fotosintetskih pigmenata i proteina. U radu je ispitana mogućnost primjene nusproizvoda dobivenih proizvodnjom biodizela i hidrolizom algi te podloga s organskim izvorima ugljika (topljivi ugljikohidrati i glicerol) kao sirovina (izvor lipida i ugljikohidrata) za proizvodnju miksotrofnih mikroalgi, radi smanjenja ukupnih troškova proizvodnje biodizela i bioetanola
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