Performance of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu composite solder with TiC reinforcement: physical properties, solderability and microstructural evolution under isothermal ageing

This paper is focused on the effect of TiC nano-reinforcement that was successfully introduced into a SAC305 lead-free solder alloy with different weight fractions (0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 wt%) through a powder-metallurgy route. Actual retained ratios of TiC reinforcement in composite solder billets and solder joints were quantitatively analysed. The obtained SAC/TiC solders were also studied extensively with regard to their coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), wettability and thermal properties. In addition, evolution of interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and corresponding changes in mechanical properties under thermal ageing were investigated. Only about 10%–30% of initial TiC nanoparticles added were found retained in the final composite solder joints. With an appropriate addition amount of TiC nanoparticles, the composite solders exhibited an improvement in their wettability. A negligible change in their melting point and a widened melting range were found in composite solders containing TiC reinforcement. Also, the CTE of composite solder alloys was effectively decreased when compared with the plain SAC solder alloy. In addition, a growth of interfacial IMCs in composite solder joints was notably suppressed under isothermal ageing condition, while their corresponding mechanical properties of composite solder joints significantly outperformed those of non-reinforced solder joints throughout the ageing period

Synthesis and fungicidal activity of aryl(arylamino)methylphosphonic acids

<p>A series of aryl(arylamino)methylphosphonic acids were synthesized based on the previous work for the modification of alkylphosphonates. As key intermediates, α-aminophosphonates were synthesized with high yield by a three-component Kabachnik–Fields reaction under solvent-free conditions. The compounds were identified and characterized by infrared, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, mass spectrum, and elemental analyses. Their fungicidal activities against typical fungi occurring in the Chinese agro-ecosystems were evaluated. The results of preliminary bioassays showed that some of the title compounds exhibited moderate fungicidal activities against tomato late blight and cucumber fusarium wilt. For example, compound <b>3b</b> showed 78% inhibitory activity against tomato late blight, and compound <b>3h</b> possessed 86% inhibitory activity against cucumber fusarium wilt.</p

System size effect for SPA systems coupled by symbiotic relationship.

<p>(a) Synchronization <i>V</i>_<i>α</i> as a function of the coupling strength <i>β</i> under different system size <i>n</i> of two subsystems, exhibiting that there exists an optimal value of <i>β</i>, when <i>β</i> = <i>β</i>_<i>o</i> the the entire system reaches an optimal synchronization. (b) Optimal synchronization <i>V</i>_<i>so</i> as a function of system size <i>n</i> for subsystem A, subsystem B and the entire system. All the data points are in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0144153#pone.0144153.s001" target="_blank">S1 File</a>.</p

Absolute velocity effect for network of SPA systems coupled by predator-prey relationship.

<p>(a) Optimal synchronization <i>V</i>_<i>so</i> as a function of the absolute velocity <i>v</i>_<i>o</i> for each subsystem and the entire system. (b) Optimal coupling strength <i>β</i>_<i>o</i> as a function of the absolute velocity <i>v</i>₀ for each subsystem and the entire system. The simulation results are saved in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0144153#pone.0144153.s005" target="_blank">S5 File</a>.</p

3D-Qsar on 1-Substituted Phenoxyacetoxyalkylphosphonates and Phosphinates Using CoMFA and CoMSIA

<div><p>GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT</p><p></p></div

Radius effect for predator-prey relationship.

<p>(a) Optimal synchronization <i>V</i>_<i>so</i> as a function of radius <i>R</i> for each subsystem and the entire system. (b) Optimal coupling strength <i>β</i>_<i>o</i> as a function of radius <i>R</i> for each subsystem and the entire system. All the data points are in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0144153#pone.0144153.s006" target="_blank">S6 File</a>.</p

Synthesis and Biological Activities of <i>O</i>,<i>O</i>-Dialkyl 1-((4,6-Dichloropyrimidin-2-yl)Carbamyloxy) Alkylphosphonates

<div><p></p><p>A series of new 1-((4,6-dichloropyrimidin-2-yl)carbamyloxy) alkylphosphonates were designed and synthesized. The structures of all the title compounds were confirmed by IR, ¹H-NMR, ³¹P-NMR and elemental analysis. The results of the bioassay showed that all of title compounds exhibited weak herbicidal activities against monocotyledons and <a href="http://dicotyledon" target="_blank">dicotyledon</a>s; however, some of them showed potential plant growth regulatory activities.</p></div

Synthesis and Herbicidal Activities of Sodium Methyl(<i>α</i>-(Substituted Phenoxyacetoxy)Alkyl)Phosphinates

<div><p>GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT</p><p></p></div

Collective Motion in a Network of Self-Propelled Agent Systems - Fig 1

<p>In system A, the position of node <i>w</i> is (<i>x</i>_{<i>A</i>,<i>w</i>},<i>y</i>_{<i>A</i>,<i>w</i>}), and it has 7 neighboring agents within a circle with a radius being <i>R</i> [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0144153#pone.0144153.e004" target="_blank">Eq (3)</a>], whose position projecting on system B is also (<i>x</i>_{<i>A</i>,<i>w</i>},<i>y</i>_{<i>A</i>,<i>w</i>}), and it has 4 neighboring agents in system B [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0144153#pone.0144153.e005" target="_blank">Eq (4)</a>]. Accordingly, we could identify the neighborhoods of all nodes in both systems.</p

Experimental Investigation on Transition Characteristics of Different Rotary Disk Configurations

An experimental study was performed to investigate the liquid granulation process on the rotary disks. Four groups of rotary disks were specially designed, and rosin/paraffin mixture was used as the working fluid. At first, the nondimensional transition equations between different breakup modes were obtained. Then, comparative analyses were performed to characterize the critical transition characteristics. Higher <i>Q</i>⁺ values for bulged-block disk from direct drop to ligament and ligament to fully ligament were observed, while the first appearance of the sheet mode nearly coincided for all types of disks. Finally the transition maps were proposed, and the effects of operational conditions and liquid properties on transition characteristics were analyzed. The transition maps showed that the broadest transition area from ligament to sheet mode was indentified in arc-edge disk, while the narrowest area appeared in bulged-block disk. Moreover, the transition between different modes was promoted by decreasing <i>Q</i> and ω or increasing μ