Delirium after Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease

Deep brain stimulation is a primary treatment method that improves motor and motor complications in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease. Delirium is a common and serious complication following deep brain stimulation. However, the clinical attention toward this complication remains insufficient. Advanced age, cognitive decline, and the severity of the disease may all be risk factors for delirium. The presence of delirium may also affect cognitive function and disease prognosis. Neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and dopamine may be involved in the occurrence of delirium. Furthermore, inflammation, the effects of microlesioning of local nuclei, and brain atrophy may also play roles in the onset of delirium. Nonpharmacological therapy appears to be the primary treatment for postoperative delirium in Parkinson’s disease. The current article reviews the pathogenesis, epidemiology, prognosis, and treatment of delirium following deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease to help clinicians better understand this common complication and to prevent, identify, and treat it as soon as possible, as well as to provide more accurate treatment for patients

Supramolecular surface functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles with α-cyclodextrin-based cationic star polymer for magnetically-enhanced gene delivery

10.3390/pharmaceutics13111884Pharmaceutics1311188

Integrative analysis of the ST6GALNAC family identifies GATA2-upregulated ST6GALNAC5 as an adverse prognostic biomarker promoting prostate cancer cell invasion

Abstract Background ST6GALNAC family members function as sialyltransferases and have been implicated in cancer progression. However, their aberrant expression levels, prognostic values and specific roles in metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) remain largely unclear. Methods Two independent public datasets (TCGA-PRAD and GSE21032), containing 648 PCa samples in total, were employed to comprehensively examine the mRNA expression changes of ST6GALNAC family members in PCa, as well as their associations with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. The dysregulation of ST6GALNAC5 was further validated in a mouse PCa model and human PCa samples from our cohort (n = 64) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and drug sensitivity analyses were performed to enrich the biological processes most related to ST6GALNAC5. Sulforhodamine B, transwell, luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were used to examine the PCa cell proliferation, invasion and transcriptional regulation, respectively. Results Systematical investigation of six ST6GALNAC family members in public datasets revealed that ST6GALNAC5 was the only gene consistently and significantly upregulated in metastatic PCa, and ST6GALNAC5 overexpression was also positively associated with Gleason score and predicted poor prognosis in PCa patients. IHC results showed that (1) ST6GALNAC5 protein expression was increased in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and further elevated in PCa from a PbCre;Pten F/F mouse model; (2) overexpressed ST6GALNAC5 protein was confirmed in human PCa samples comparing with benign prostatic hyperplasia samples from our cohort (p < 0.001); (3) ST6GALNAC5 overexpression was significantly correlated with perineural invasion of PCa. Moreover, we first found transcription factor GATA2 positively and directly regulated ST6GALNAC5 expression at transcriptional level. ST6GALNAC5 overexpression could partially reverse GATA2-depletion-induced inhibition of PCa cell invasion. The GATA2-ST6GALNAC5 signature exhibited better prediction on the poor prognosis in PCa patients than GATA2 or ST6GALNAC5 alone. Conclusions Our results indicated that GATA2-upregulated ST6GALNAC5 might serve as an adverse prognostic biomarker promoting prostate cancer cell invasion

A &ldquo;Square Box&rdquo;-Structured Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Road Transportation Monitoring

Nowadays, with the rapid development of e-commerce, the transportation of products has become more and more frequent. However, how to monitor the situation of products effectively and conveniently during road transportation is a long-standing problem. In order to meet this problem in practical applications, we fabricated a triboelectric nanogenerator sensor with a &ldquo;square box&rdquo; structure (S-TENG) for detecting the vibration suffered by vehicles. Specifically, with the spring installed in the S-TENG as a trigger, the two friction layers can contact and then separate to generate the real-time electrical signals when the S-TENG receives external excitation. The output voltage signals of the S-TENG under different vibration states were tested and the results demonstrated that the peak and zero positions of the open-circuit voltage&ndash;output curve are related to amplitude and frequency, respectively. In addition, the subsequent simulation results, obtained by ANSYS and COMSOL software, were highly consistent with the experimental results. Furthermore, we built a platform to simulate the scene of the car passing through speed bumps, and the difference in height and the number of speed bumps were significantly distinguished according to the output voltage signals. Therefore, the S-TENG has broad application prospects in road transportation

HDAC7/c-Myc signaling pathway promotes the proliferation and metastasis of choroidal melanoma cells

Abstract Choroidal melanoma (CM) is the most common type of diagnosed uveal melanoma (UM), which is prone to metastasis and exhibits a poor prognosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying CM progression need further elucidation to research effective therapeutic strategies. Histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) is very important in regulating cancer progression, but the significance and effect of HDAC7 on CM progression are unclear. In the present study, we found that HDAC7 is overexpressed in CM tissues versus normal tissues. We built HDAC7 overexpressing CM cell lines to study the functions of HDAC7 in CM progression and verified that upregulation of HDAC7 promoted the proliferation and metastasis of CM cells, while pharmacological inhibition of HDAC7 suppressed both the proliferation and metastasis of CM cells. Furthermore, we found that the aforementioned cancer-promoting effect of HDAC7 was mediated by c-Myc. Targeted inhibition of c-Myc inhibited CM progression by interfering with the HDAC7/c-Myc signaling pathway. Our study highlighted the function of targeting the HDAC7/c-Myc signaling pathway to intervene in the pathological process of CM, which provides potential therapeutic strategies for CM treatment

Additional file 8 of Integrative analysis of the ST6GALNAC family identifies GATA2-upregulated ST6GALNAC5 as an adverse prognostic biomarker promoting prostate cancer cell invasion

Additional file 8: Table S4. The list of reagents and kits

Additional file 4 of Integrative analysis of the ST6GALNAC family identifies GATA2-upregulated ST6GALNAC5 as an adverse prognostic biomarker promoting prostate cancer cell invasion

Additional file 4: Figure S2. The PPI analyses of ST6GALNAC5 in PCa samples. PPI network of ST6GALNAC5 was constructed by STRING (A) and GeneMANIA (B) programs

Additional file 5 of Integrative analysis of the ST6GALNAC family identifies GATA2-upregulated ST6GALNAC5 as an adverse prognostic biomarker promoting prostate cancer cell invasion

Additional file 5: Figure S3. The genetic alterations of ST6GALNAC family members in PCa samples were analyzed in plot (A) and in individual cases (B) from the cBioPortal online database