Boxplots illustrating exclusion of an outlier participant.

(A) just-noticeable difference (JND) averaged across all six tasks. (B) JND by condition (Reading, Speaking, Listening) and word list. The cross symbol (×) indicates the participant who was excluded because the JND averaged across the six tasks was more than three absolute deviations (grey bars) away from the sample median (grey dots).</p

Experimental procedure.

Each trial started with a white word on a black screen. During the white word period, two truncated vowels, a standard stimulus (at 290 ms) and a comparison stimulus (at 450 ms), were played to the participants. The word changed to green at 600 ms and this color change served as the go signal in the Speaking condition. In the Listening condition, participants listened to playback of their own production after the word changed to green. In the Reading condition, participants silently read the word. At 2000 ms, the green word disappeared and the participants were asked to judge whether the standard and comparison stimuli sounded the same or different by pressing keys on a keyboard.</p

Formant discrimination task results.

(A) Logistic curves fitted to group averaged data for the proportion of “Different” responses by condition and word list. (B) Mean and individual participant JNDs by condition and word list. (C) Mean and individual participant slopes by condition and word list. JND and slope were calculated from the logistic curves fitted to each participant’s responses in each task. (D) Mean keypress response time at each formant shift level of the comparison stimulus by condition and word list. Error bars correspond to standard errors.</p

Additional file 2: of Characterization and functional analysis of GhWRKY42, a group IId WRKY gene, in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Table S2. Primers used in this study. (DOCX 32 kb

Expression patterns of <i>PEBP</i>-like genes in the upland cotton semi-wild race ‘latifolium’.

<p>Plants were initially grown from seed germination under long-day conditions. Half of the plants were transferred to short-day conditions at the two fully expanded leaves stage. Cotyledons indicated two fully expanded cotyledons. First to Fifth indicated first fully expanded leaves to fifth fully expanded leaves.</p

Motif composition in group IIa <i>GhWRKY</i> subfamily proteins.

<p>Each colored box indicates a different putative motif. The scale plate indicates the protein length. The combined E-value was calculated by the MEME online software.</p

Nuclear localization of <i>GhWRKY17</i> in onion epidermal cells.

<p>(A) Plasmid sketch of the <i>35S-GFP</i> empty vector and <i>35S-GhWRKY17</i>::<i>GFP</i> fusion construct. <i>GhWRKY17</i> was fused to the N-terminus of GFP driven by the <i>CaMV 35S</i> promoter. (B) Transient expression of both <i>35S-GFP</i> and <i>35S-GhWRKY17</i>::<i>GFP</i> fusion proteins in onion epidermal cells in bright field (Bright), dim field (GFP), and overlapped field (Merge).</p

The predicted <i>cis</i>-acting elements in the promoter of <i>GhWRKY17</i>.

<p>The predicted <i>cis</i>-acting elements in the promoter of <i>GhWRKY17</i>.</p

Tissue-specific and senescence expression patterns of <i>GhWRKY17</i>, <i>GhWRKY39</i> and <i>GhWRKY140</i>.

<p>(A) Relative expression of <i>GhWRKY17/39/140</i> in root, stem, leaf, petal, pistil, stamen, fiber and ovule tissues. The root and stem were sampled from two-week-old seedlings. The leaf, petal, pistil and stamen were sampled at the full flower period. The fiber and ovule were sampled 10 days after anthesis. (B) Five different senescence degrees of true leaves in CCRI74. Stage 1, an expanded new leaf; Stage 2, a mature but non-senescent leaf; Stage 3, a leaf with 25% senescence area; Stage 4, a leaf with 50% senescence area; and Stage 5, a leaf with at least 75% senescence area. (C) Relative expression of <i>GhNAP</i> and <i>GhWRKY17/39/140</i> in cotton. When qRT-PCR was performed, <i>GhActin</i> was used as a reference gene. The data are presented as the means±standard error.</p

Expression patterns of group IIa <i>GhWRKY</i> genes in various tissues and at different leaf senescence stages.

<p>(A) Expression patterns of group IIa <i>GhWRKY</i> genes in root, stem, leaf, petal, pistil, stamen, torus, calycle, fiber 5, fiber 10, fiber 20 and fiber 25 tissues. Fiber 5, fiber 10, fiber 20 and fiber 25 indicate fiber development stages at 5, 10, 20, and 25 days after anthesis. (B) Expression patterns of group IIa <i>GhWRKY</i> genes in leaf senescence. New-1 and old-1 indicate leaves from the three-leaf stage. New-2 and old-2 indicate leaves from the maturation/senescence stages.</p