A Taxonomy for Attack Patterns on Information Flows in Component-Based Operating Systems

We present a taxonomy and an algebra for attack patterns on component-based operating systems. In a multilevel security scenario, where isolation of partitions containing data at different security classifications is the primary security goal and security breaches are mainly defined as undesired disclosure or modification of classified data, strict control of information flows is the ultimate goal. In order to prevent undesired information flows, we provide a classification of information flow types in a component-based operating system and, by this, possible patterns to attack the system. The systematic consideration of informations flows reveals a specific type of operating system covert channel, the covert physical channel, which connects two former isolated partitions by emitting physical signals into the computer's environment and receiving them at another interface.Comment: 9 page

The European Internal Energy Market’s Worth to the UK

This article proposes a two-country model of electricity trade under peak-load pricing. We apply the model to France and the UK to assess the benefit to the UK of trade within the European internal energy market (IEM). Calibration and simulations of the model aimed at simulating bilateral trade in the market coupling process at electricity exchanges show the following. First, the occurrence of gains from trade for both countries is highly dependent on whether imported electricity affects the price in the local market and whether imports alleviate scarcity. Second, the main effect of importing electricity is a shift in welfare from domestic producers to domestic consumers of the importing country. Finally, the UK’s membership in the IEM generates additional welfare for the UK of up to 900 M€ per year across a range of scenarios in which the number of on-peak periods are exogenously varied in a conservative way relative to the actual data

Modern markets : competition in the 21st century

Defence date: 25 September 2023Examining board: Prof. Giacomo Calzolari (Eurooean University Institute, supervisor); Prof. David Levine (Eurooean University Institute, co-supervisor); Dr. Justus Haucap (Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE)); Dr. Pierre Regibeau (European Commission)This thesis is composed of three independent chapters, the third of which consists of two separate but thematically related papers. In Chapter 1, I introduce a theoretical model of vertical integration with a novel demand structure to investigate the effect of vertical integration into Internet infrastructure on competition in digital markets. I find that pure infrastructure providers have an incentive to accommodate vertically integrated firms by becoming “commoditized” suppliers of infrastructure. My model explains new trends in digital markets and has implications for competition policy, industrial policy and political economy. In Chapter 2, I estimate the effects of crisis intensity and deregulation on home bias in procurement. Using a novel data set on the award of procurement contracts for medical supplies during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in Europe, I study the propensity to award contracts internationally. I document a unique shift towards international procurement, driven by local spikes in infection rates and deregulation. In Chapter 3, I study the role of pricing algorithms in online marketplaces. Its first part is a joint article with Giacomo Calzolari that describes the algorithmic repricing industry. Based on a novel sample of 130 repricing companies, we study the prices and claimed attributes of pricing algorithms. We find that turn-key algorithmic pricing services are widely available, and discuss product features, fees, and associated services. The second part of Chapter 3 is a literature review on algorithmic pricing. I summarize findings from the economics literature covering computational, experimental, and empirical methods as well as adjacent fields. I argue that a lack of understanding of buyer responses to algorithmic pricing cycles and endogenous adoption of algorithmic pricing are the main gaps in the literature.-- 1. Internet infrastructure and competition in digital markets -- 2. Does buyer discretion facilitate home bias in procurement? Cross-border procurement of medical supplies under Covid-19 -- 3. Pricing algorithms out of the box: a study of the repricing industry -- 4. Algorithmic pricing - a literature review -- A. Appendix to chapter 1 -- B. Appendix to chapter 2 -- C. Appendix to chapter

Untersuchungen zur Vegetations- und Landschaftsgeschichte sowie zur aktuellen Vegetation des Schraden (Bezirk Cottbus)

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SUSTAINABLE STRATEGY OF RAILWAY NETWORK MAINTENANCE IN CROATIA

Dana 22. prosinca 2014. vossloh je zaključio opsežan okvirni ugovor s Hž infrastrukturom, upraviteljem infrastrukture, koja je zadužena za održavanje pruga u Hrvatskoj. tim su sporazumom obuhvaćeni mjerenje i ispitivanje tračnica, analiza podataka, provođenje preporuka za održavanje i obrada tračnica različitim tehničkim postupcima ugovorenima djelomičnim ugovorima.On December 22, 2014, vossloh concluded a comprehensive framework agreement with Hž infrastruktura, the infrastructure manager in charge of railway line maintenance in Croatia. this agreement encompassed measuring and testing of rails, data analysis, implementation of maintenance recommendations and treatment of rails with various technical procedures within the scope of agreed partial contracts

The home bias in procurement : cross-border procurement of medical supplies during the Covid-19 pandemic

Published online: 23 June 2023Public procurement markets are often national despite a general agreement against national preferencing. I exploit shocks occurring during the Covid-19 pandemic to two important factors, crisis urgency, measured through local infection rates, and increased buyer discretion, to study home bias in public procurement. Two causal difference-in-difference analyses on novel data for medical supplies in Europe show that home bias is not inevitable. An increase in local infection rates by one standard deviation locally increases the share of cross-border procurement by 19.3 percentage points over a baseline of 1.5 percent. Also, deregulation that allowed for buyer discretion caused cross-border procurement to increase by more than 35 percentage points. A simple theoretical model systematizes these findings.This article was published Open Access with the support from the EUI Library through the CRUI - Elsevier Transformative Agreement (2023-2027)

Curvas con estilo S.R.L

La empresa CURVAS CON ESTILO tiene por objeto incursionar en la venta de moda plus size para compensar las necesidades del mercado creciente de mujeres con sobrepeso. El negocio se especializará en la venta de moda plus size elegante, sport elegante e íntima. Para ese efecto se constituirá una Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada, con un capital integrado de Gs. 260.000.000.La idea nace de la oferta limitada de tallas en la mayoría de los comercios y tiendas de la capital, al igual que el incremento en los niveles de obesidad en la República del Paraguay y otros países de la región, teniendo en cuenta que internacionalmente ha ocurrido un boom en la producción y comercialización de este tipo de moda. El local comercial de CURVAS CON ESTILO estará ubicado en la galería Villa Morra Hall en el barrio Villa Morra, que se ha convertido en una de las principales zonas comerciales en los últimos años. La infraestructura ofrecerá un ambiente moderno y confortable para los clientes