Interventional creation of an atrial septal defect and its impact on right ventricular function: An animal study with the pressure-volume conductance system

Background: The aim of our study was to assess the suitability of different interventional techniques to create an atrial septal defect (ASD) and to evaluate the short-term effects of right ventricular (RV) volume overload on RV contractility in the growing swine. Methods: Thirteen ASD and six control animals were studied. An ASD was created by balloon dilatation (BD) of the fossa ovalis (n = 4) or by implantation of a multi-perforated Amplatzer Septal Occluder (n = 4) or a patch-less nitinol device (n = 5). After 4.8 (3.9&#8211;6.0) weeks, the amounts of left-to-right shunting (Qp/Qs) and RV contractility (end systolic elastance &#8212; Ees) were assessed. Results: In the ASD group, a significant left-to-right shunt could be documented (Qp/Qs 1.5 &#177; &#177; 0.4). However, a shunt was absent in the BD subgroup (Qp/Qs 1.1 &#177; 0.1). In animals with devices implanted, a significant relationship between the post-mortem ASD area and Qp/Qs was found (r = 0.68, p < 0.05). Compared to controls, RV contractility was not significantly impaired at rest and during dobutamine in ASD animals (Ees: 0.40 &#177; 0.20 vs 0.54 &#177; 0.12 and 0.75 &#177; 0.29 vs 1.04 &#177; 0.24 mm Hg/mL, p = NS for both). Conclusions: Device implantation is necessary to create a patent ASD resulting in significant left-to-right shunting. In an experimental ASD model, a five week period of chronic RV volume overload does not alter RV contractility significantly. (Cardiol J 2011; 18, 3: 289&#8211;296