Play Types, Design Principles and Participation in Play: How Is it Possible to Design for Participation in Play?

Many school-age children have difficulties participating in play and need support to find playmates, take the initiative and structure play. If children do not master these competencies, they risk ending up in a spiral in which they are not given the opportunity to practice playing and develop play competencies. The purpose of the present study is to investigate how design principles in three different play types can be formulated in order to support pedagogues (educators) in developing new play activities with significant potential for participation. In addition, how these design principles cover more general and generic principles are scrutinized. This paper is based on a three-year design-based research study in two Danish schools investigating three play types: creative play, role play and movement play. It also presents four design principles on each play type which were found to support the development of new play activities with inclusive potential. As a theoretical contribution, the design principles of each play type are meta-analysed with the goal of helping pedagogues generate play activities with different participation possibilities. The generic design principles are the essence of play, play practices, play materials and play opportunities for participation

A Non Platinum Regimen for the Treatment of Recurrent or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Region. Results From an Extended Phase II Study With Paclitaxel and Capecitabine

BackgroundThis study presents the results of an extended phase II study originally published in 2007, regarding the antitumor activity and toxicity of a non-platinum containing regimen with paclitaxel and capecitabine for the treatment of recurrent or disseminated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. Fifty patients were included in the original study.Materials and methodsA total of 183 patients with recurrent or disseminated squamous cell carcinoma were eventually included in the extended study. There were 37 women and 146 men. The mean age was 56 years. Performance status (WHO) was as follows: WHO 0:31, WHO 1:107, and WHO 2:45 patients. The treatment consisted of paclitaxel 175 mg/m2, once every third week and capecitabine 825 mg/m2 p.o. b.i.d for 2 weeks.ResultsThe overall response rate (complete response and partial response) according to the WHO criteria was: 33% (CI 26–40). The median progression-free survival was 4.8 (CI 4.2–5.4) months. The median overall survival (OS) was 8.9 (CI 7.6–9.5) months. Compliance was good. Of the 1,131 cycles, only 13% had to be administered with a reduced dose and/or postponed to a later date. Toxicity was mild and grades 3 and 4 toxicities were uncommon. Two toxic deaths were registered though.ConclusionThe response rate and the OS for this low toxicity regimen makes it a feasible alternative for not cisplatin eligible patients

Når børn fælles skaber – om børns materialiserede samvær i leg

Artiklen handler om samspillet mellem børns sociale praksisser og materialer. Med udgangspunkt i et empirisk materiale fra et designbaseret forskningsprojekt og begreberne intra-action (Barad, 2007) og affinity (Mason, 2018) udforskes det hvordan materialer indgår i børns leg med hinanden og hvilke potentialer materialer har i børns leg? Der er ikke blot tale om, at børn anvender og leger med materialer, men at materialerne enten gennem form, fylde, konsistens eller rammesætning påvirker børnene og sågar trækker legen og børnene i en særlig retning. Den måde børnene er sammen på, er ikke italesat verbalt af børnene, men kropsligt, og det markerer et social samvær gennem en fælles optagethed. Dertil viser artiklens analyser, at materialer muliggør og medetablerer et socialt rum i børns leg, og pædagogernes rammesætning af børns leg. Artiklen peger på, at materialers relationelle betydning skaber en forståelse for fælles skabende praksisser, som er kortvarige, intense, nonverbale, sensoriske, dynamiske og processuelle. Et fokus på materialitet og krop, frem for verbalt sprog og social position, vil i et fremadrettet forskningsperspektiv kunne bidrage med viden om, hvordan man kan skabe deltagelsesmuligheder for børn gennem brug af materialer

Inklusions- og eksklusionsprocesser i leg

Abstract I forskningsprojektet ’Må jeg være med’ (Skovbjerg, Hansen, Sand, Jensen, Lieberoth, Lehrman og Jørgensen, 2022) har vi som en del af projektet udforsket, hvordan pædagoger håndterer inklusions- og eksklusionsprocesser i relation til leg, samt hvilken betydning pædagogers håndtering af disse processer har for børns mulighed for deltagelse i leg. Artiklens analyser viser, at pædagogers håndtering af inklusions- og eksklusionsprocesser ikke i tilstrækkelig grad bidrager til, at børn i legevanskeligheder støttes i at blive deltagere i leg. Artiklen giver afslutningsvis anbefalinger til væsentlige opmærksomhedspunker i pædagogers arbejde med i højere grad at skabe deltagelsesmuligheder for alle børn i relation til leg

Inklusions- og eksklusionsprocesser i leg

AbstractI forskningsprojektet ’Må jeg være med’ (Skovbjerg, Hansen, Sand, Jensen, Lieberoth, Lehrman og Jørgensen, 2022) har vi som en del af projektet udforsket, hvordan pædagoger håndterer inklusions- og eksklusionsprocesser i relation til leg, samt hvilken betydning pædagogers håndtering af disse processer har for børns mulighed for deltagelse i leg. Artiklens analyser viser, at pædagogers håndtering af inklusions- og eksklusionsprocesser ikke i tilstrækkelig grad bidrager til, at børn i legevanskeligheder støttes i at blive deltagere i leg. Artiklen giver afslutningsvis anbefalinger til væsentlige opmærksomhedspunker i pædagogers arbejde med i højere grad at skabe deltagelsesmuligheder for alle børn i relation til leg

Deltagelsesmuligheder i kreativ leg: Et design based research-studie af leg i skolen

Forskning peger på, at børn der mangler legekompetencer oplever en mere generel marginalisering i livet. I denne artikel præsenteres resultaterne af et design based research-studie, der har undersøgt mulighederne for at skabe flere deltagelsesmuligheder i leg for børn i indskolingen. Mere specifikt undersøges det, hvordan designprincipper kan udvikles og formuleres, så de bidrager til, at flere børn får mulighed for at deltage i kreative legeaktiviteter.  I artiklen inddrages to legeeksperimenter fra analysen, som i kraft af deres indbyrdes diversitet illustrerer nogle af de spændingsfelter, som fremstod som betydningsfulde, når pædagoger og forskere designede for kreativ leg. Analyserne peger på, at pædagogrollen, den fysiske organisering samt materialerne, der indgår i legen, har særlig betydning for at skabe forskellige deltagelsesmuligheder. Artiklen afsluttes med en reformulering af designprincipperne som en slags anbefaling til praksis om, hvordan projektet har vist, at de kreative lege bedst muligt giver forskellige deltagelsesmuligheder.&nbsp

Genome-Wide Association Study in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers Identifies Novel Loci Associated with Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk

BRCA1-associated breast and ovarian cancer risks can be modified by common genetic variants. To identify further cancer risk-modifying loci, we performed a multi-stage GWAS of 11,705 BRCA1 carriers (of whom 5,920 were diagnosed with breast and 1,839 were diagnosed with ovarian cancer), with a further replication in an additional sample of 2,646 BRCA1 carriers. We identified a novel breast cancer risk modifier locus at 1q32 for BRCA1 carriers (rs2290854, P = 2.7×10-8, HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.09-1.20). In addition, we identified two novel ovarian cancer risk modifier loci: 17q21.31 (rs17631303, P = 1.4×10-8, HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.17-1.38) and 4q32.3 (rs4691139, P = 3.4×10-8, HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.17-1.38). The 4q32.3 locus was not associated with ovarian cancer risk in the general population or BRCA2 carriers, suggesting a BRCA1-specific associat