T1-weighted structural MRI of patient WH.

<p>MRI shows altered and increased ventricles on both sides. Informed consent was obtained for publication of this figure.</p

Statistical maps for the contrast 1PP (PS - baseline) relative to 3PP (PS - baseline).

<p>Results show brain activation in SI for 1PP (at p<0.05, FWE corrected, masked with real touch>baseline). The contrast 3PP (PS - baseline) relative to 1PP (PS - baseline) failed to show any significant voxels (at p<0.05, FWE corrected).</p

Image of statistic parametric mapping for the contrast (A) voluntary movements of the healthy hand relative to rest.

<p>Brain responses showed activation of M1, SMA, and premotor areas when moving the healthy hand. (B) When voluntary moving the alien hand, M1 and other areas showed significant activations (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0015010#pone-0015010-t001" target="_blank">table 1</a> for details). The figure shows activation of the contralateral M1. (C) Alien movements could be elicited by experimenter's stimulation (see text for further explanation). The figure demonstrates activation of M1 and IFG when alien movements were evoked (see circles) (relative to stimulation of the healthy hand). Stimulation of the healthy hand revealed no significant brain areas (relative to the stimulation of the alien hand). Areas of significant fMRI signal change are shown as color overlays on the T1-MNI reference brain.</p

Results of random effects analysis (p<0.05, FWE corrected, L = left hemisphere, R = right hemisphere, masked with real touch>baseline).

<p>Results of random effects analysis (p<0.05, FWE corrected, L = left hemisphere, R = right hemisphere, masked with real touch>baseline).</p

Results of random effects analysis for 1PP (1PP-baseline) relative to 3PP (3PP baseline) (p<0.05, FWE corrected, L = left hemisphere, R = right hemisphere, masked with real touch>baseline).

<p>Results of random effects analysis for 1PP (1PP-baseline) relative to 3PP (3PP baseline) (p<0.05, FWE corrected, L = left hemisphere, R = right hemisphere, masked with real touch>baseline).</p

Brain responses in SI while subjects observe touch to a hand and movements close to a hand ( = PS and PPS) relative to baseline.

<p>A: Results for 1PP revealed activation in left SI for PS events. For PPS events results yielded only minor activation in SI. B: Results for 3PP depict activations in bilateral SI both for PS and PPS conditions. C: Contrast of parameter estimates for activations in left SI (MNI coordinates: −38 −40 52) during PS and PPS conditions relative to baseline. The left two bars show the results for 1PP, the right two bars depict results for 3PP. In the latter, PS as well as PPS events were associated with strong activation in SI, whereas the observation of PPS events revealed even higher activation than the PS condition. The data of the right SI (3PP only) were similar. All results were at p<0.05, FWE corrected, and masked with real touch relative to baseline in order to reveal common activations with somatosensory areas.</p

Results of experiment 2.

<p>A: Conditions of the experiment. See text for further details. B: Results revealed activation in SI both for touch hand (PS) and movements in peripersonal space (PPS) conditions. The conditions EPS, hands only and movement only failed to show significant activation of somatosensory brain areas (at p<0.05, FWE corrected, masked with real touch>baseline in order to reveal common activations with real touch). C: Contrast of parameter estimates for activations in left SI (based on ANOVA main effect, see text) demonstrates activation both for PS and PPS conditions, thus replicating the results of the first study. D: Statistical maps for the contrast PS>EPS and PPS>EPS revealed brain activation in left SI (FWE corrected, masked with real touch>baseline). E: Statistical maps for the contrast PPS>hands only show brain activation in left SI and left premotor cortex (FWE corrected, unmasked results).</p

Conditions and types of stimuli used in the first experiment.

<p>The two pictures on the left depict the conditions touch hand and movements in peripersonal space, respectively, in 1PP. The two pictures on the right show touch hand and movements in peripersonal space, respectively, in 3PP.</p

Results of random effects analysis (p<0.05, corrected, L = left hemisphere, R = right hemisphere).

<p>Results of random effects analysis (p<0.05, corrected, L = left hemisphere, R =  right hemisphere).</p

Statistical map showing brain activations for the contrasts communicative relative to strategic reasoning and control relative to strategic reasoning (random-effects analysis, FDR corrected).

<p>Results demonstrate increased activations for communicative reasoning (with respect to strategic rationality) including prefrontal cortex (BA10) and precuneus. Strategic reasoning revealed less activation for prefrontal cortex (BA10) and precuneus compared with a control task. Areas of significant fMRI signal change are shown as color overlays on the T1-MNI reference brain. See text and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065111#pone-0065111-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a> for details.</p