Criminal victimisation in people with severe mental illness: A multi-site prevalence and incidence survey in the netherlands

Background: Although crime victimisation is as prevalent in psychiatric patients as crime perpetration (and possibly more so), few European figures for it are available. We therefore assessed its one-year prevalence and incident rates in Dutch severely mentally ill outpatients, and compared the results with victimisation rates in the general population. Method: This multisite epidemiological survey included a random sample of 956 adult severe

Determinants of victimization in patients with severe mental illness: results from a nation-wide cross-sectional survey in the Netherlands

We aimed to examine determinants of criminal victimization (i.e. both personal and property crime victimization) in outpatients with severe mental illness. Data was collected using a multisite epidemiological survey including a random sample of 956 adult outpatients with SMI. Data on 12-month victimization prevalence and frequency were obtained using the victimization scale of the Dutch Crime and Victimization Survey. Demographic characteristics, clinical diagnosis, psychosocial functioning, drug use and alcohol abuse over the past 12 months, co-morbid PTSD diagnosis, physical abuse, physical neglect and sexual abuse in childhood, perpetration of violence over the past 12-months, and anger disposition were assessed as determinants. Univariable and multivariable hurdle regression analyses were conducted to test associations of the potential determinants with victimization prevalence and frequency. We found that different sets of demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with personal and property crime victimization. Clinical characteristics were more pronounced regarding personal crime victimization. In the multivariable model, presence of psychotic disorder, drug use, childhood physical and sexual abuse, and recent violent perpetration were associated with the 12-month prevalence or frequency rate of personal crime victimization. Native Dutch and divorced patients were more at risk as well. Next to this being employed, poor social functioning, having perpetrated a violent crime, as well as alcohol abuse and recent drug use were all significantly related to property crime prevalence or frequency rate in the multivariable model

Male and female SMI outpatients and the annual incident rate of crime victimisation relative to that in the general population.

a<p>Comprises burglary, attempted burglary, bicycle theft, car theft, theft from car, pick-pocketing, robbery, theft (other).</p>b<p>Comprises burglary, attempted burglary, bicycle theft, pick-pocketing, robbery, theft (other).</p>c<p>Comprises vandalism of car, vandalism (other).</p>d<p>Comprises sexual harassment or assault, threats of violence, physical assault.</p>e<p>Comprises burglary, attempted burglary, bicycle theft, car theft, theft from car, car vandalism, pick-pocketing, robbery, theft (other), vandalism (other), sexual harassment or assault, threats of violence, physical assault, crime (other).</p>f<p>Comprises burglary, attempted burglary, bicycle theft, pick-pocketing, robbery, theft (other), vandalism (other), sexual harassment or assault, threats of violence, physical assault, crime (other).</p><p>*p<.05.</p>†<p>Male car owners in unweighted sample (N = 144); Female car owners in unweighted sample (N = 116); Male car owners in matched IVM 2011 sample (N = 15,786); Female car owners in matched IVM 2011 sample (N = 18,375).</p>#<p>SMI outpatient sample weighted for age, educational level and ethnicity; IVM 2011 sample matched by region.</p>§<p>As female SMI outpatients reported no incidents of car theft or theft from car, no incidence rates and incidence rate ratios could be calculated.</p>¥<p>Unweighted data.</p

SMI Outpatients and the annual weighted and unweighted prevalences of crime polyvictimisation (%) relative to the prevalences in the general population.

a<p>Comprises burglary, attempted burglary, bicycle theft, pick-pocketing, robbery, theft (other), vandalism (other), sexual harassment or assault, threats of violence, physical assault, crime (other).</p>b<p>Comprises burglary, attempted burglary, bicycle theft, pick-pocketing, robbery, theft (other).</p>c<p>Comprises sexual harassment or assault, threats of violence, physical assault.</p><p>*p<.05.</p>#<p>SMI outpatient sample weighted for sex, age, ethnicity, and educational level; IVM 2011 sample matched by region. The general population serves as a reference category.</p>‡<p>Weighted for sex, age, ethnicity and educational level.</p

Respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics.

<p>Respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics.</p

Male and female SMI outpatients and the prevalences of annual crime polyvictimisation (%) relative to the prevalences in the general population.

a<p>Comprises burglary, attempted burglary, bicycle theft, pick-pocketing, robbery, theft (other), vandalism (other), sexual harassment or assault, threats of violence, physical assault, crime (other).</p>b<p>Comprises burglary, attempted burglary, bicycle theft, pick-pocketing, robbery, theft (other).</p>c<p>Comprises sexual harassment or assault, threats of violence, physical assault.</p><p>*p<.05.</p>#<p>SMI outpatient sample weighted for age, educational level and ethnicity; IVM 2011 sample matched by region.</p>¥<p>Unweighted data.</p

Data-acquisition flowchart.

<p>Data-acquisition flowchart.</p

Male and female SMI outpatients and the prevalences of annual crime victimisation (%) relative to the prevalences in the general population.

a<p>Comprises burglary, attempted burglary, bicycle theft, car theft, theft from car, pick-pocketing, robbery, theft (other).</p>b<p>Comprises burglary, attempted burglary, bicycle theft, pick-pocketing, robbery, theft (other).</p>c<p>Comprises vandalism of car, vandalism (other).</p>d<p>Comprises sexual harassment or assault, threats of violence, physical assault.</p>e<p>Comprises burglary, attempted burglary, bicycle theft, car theft, theft from car, car vandalism, pick-pocketing, robbery, theft (other), vandalism (other), sexual harassment or assault, threats of violence, physical assault, crime (other).</p>f<p>Comprises burglary, attempted burglary, bicycle theft, pick-pocketing, robbery, theft (other), vandalism (other), sexual harassment or assault, threats of violence, physical assault, crime (other).</p><p>*p<.05.</p>†<p>Male car owners in unweighted sample (N = 144); Female car owners in unweighted sample (N = 116); Male car owners in matched IVM 2011 sample (N = 15,786); Female car owners in matched IVM 2011 sample (N = 18,375).</p>#<p>SMI outpatient sample weighted for age, educational level and ethnicity; IVM 2011 sample matched by region.</p>§<p>As female SMI outpatients reported no incidents of car theft or theft from car, prevalence rates and relative rate ratios could not be calculated.</p>¥<p>Unweighted data.</p