Context-aware Cluster Based Device-to-Device Communication to Serve Machine Type Communications

Billions of Machine Type Communication (MTC) devices are foreseen to be deployed in next ten years and therefore potentially open a new market for next generation wireless network. However, MTC applications have different characteristics and requirements compared with the services provided by legacy cellular networks. For instance, an MTC device sporadically requires to transmit a small data packet containing information generated by sensors. At the same time, due to the massive deployment of MTC devices, it is inefficient to charge their batteries manually and thus a long battery life is required for MTC devices. In this sense, legacy networks designed to serve human-driven traffics in real time can not support MTC efficiently. In order to improve the availability and battery life of MTC devices, context-aware device-to-device (D2D) communication is exploited in this paper. By applying D2D communication, some MTC users can serve as relays for other MTC users who experience bad channel conditions. Moreover, signaling schemes are also designed to enable the collection of context information and support the proposed D2D communication scheme. Last but not least, a system level simulator is implemented to evaluate the system performance of the proposed technologies and a large performance gain is shown by the numerical results

A generalized Monte Carlo loop algorithm for frustrated Ising models

We introduce a Generalized Loop Move (GLM) update for Monte Carlo simulations of frustrated Ising models on two-dimensional lattices with bond-sharing plaquettes. The GLM updates are designed to enhance Monte Carlo sampling efficiency when the system's low-energy states consist of an extensive number of degenerate or near-degenerate spin configurations, separated by large energy barriers to single spin flips. Through implementation on several frustrated Ising models, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the GLM updates in cases where both degenerate and near-degenerate sets of configurations are favored at low temperatures. The GLM update's potential to be straightforwardly extended to different lattices and spin interactions allow it to be readily adopted on many other frustrated Ising models of physical relevance.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figure

Experimental study of generic billiards with microwave resonators

In this work we study the eigenstates and the energy spectra of a generic billiard system with the use of microwave resonators. This is possible due to the exact correspondence between the Schroedinger equation and the electric field equations of the lowest modes in thin microwave resonators. We obtain a good agreement between the numerical (exact) and experimental eigenstates, while the short range experimental spectral statistics show the expected Brody-like behaviour in this energy range, as opposed to the Berry-Robnik picture which is valid only in the semiclassical region of sufficiently small effective Planck's constant.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures (in .GIF format), high quality pictures available upon request, PTP LaTeX style, to be published in the proceedings of the conference/summer school 'Let's Face Chaos through Nonlinear Dynamics', Maribor, Slovenia, June/July 1999, eds. M. Robnik et al., Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. (Kyoto) 139 (2000

Nutritional value of high fiber co-products from the copra, palm kernel, and rice industries in diets fed to pigs.

High fiber co-products from the copra and palm kernel industries are by-products of the production of coconut oil and palm kernel oil. The co-products include copra meal, copra expellers, palm kernel meal, and palm kernel expellers. All 4 ingredients are very high in fiber and the energy value is relatively low when fed to pigs. The protein concentration is between 14 and 22 % and the protein has a low biological value and a very high Arg:Lys ratio. Digestibility of most amino acids is less than in soybean meal but close to that in corn. However, the digestibility of Lys is sometimes low due to Maillard reactions that are initiated due to overheating during drying. Copra and palm kernel ingredients contain 0.5 to 0.6 % P. Most of the P in palm kernel meal and palm kernel expellers is bound to phytate, but in copra products less than one third of the P is bound to phytate. The digestibility of P is, therefore, greater in copra meal and copra expellers than in palm kernel ingredients. Inclusion of copra meal should be less than 15 % in diets fed to weanling pigs and less than 25 % in diets for growing-finishing pigs. Palm kernel meal may be included by 15 % in diets for weanling pigs and 25 % in diets for growing and finishing pigs. Rice bran contains the pericarp and aleurone layers of brown rice that is removed before polished rice is produced. Rice bran contains approximately 25 % neutral detergent fiber and 25 to 30 % starch. Rice bran has a greater concentration of P than most other plant ingredients, but 75 to 90 % of the P is bound in phytate. Inclusion of microbial phytase in the diets is, therefore, necessary if rice bran is used. Rice bran may contain 15 to 24 % fat, but it may also have been defatted in which case the fat concentration is less than 5 %. Concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) are slightly less in full fat rice bran than in corn, but defatted rice bran contains less than 75 % of the DE and ME in corn. The concentration of crude protein is 15 to 18 % in rice bran and the protein has a high biological value and most amino acids are well digested by pigs. Inclusion of rice bran in diets fed to pigs has yielded variable results and based on current research it is recommended that inclusion levels are less than 25 to 30 % in diets for growing-finishing pigs, and less than 20 % in diets for weanling pigs. However, there is a need for additional research to determine the inclusion rates that may be used for both full fat and defatted rice bran

Towards a Process Algebra for Shared Processors

AbstractWe present initial work on a timed process algebra that models sharing of processor resources allowing preemption at arbitrary points in time. This enables us to model both the functional and the timely behaviour of concurrent processes executed on a single processor. We give a refinement relation that describes that one process is more deterministic than another. Applications of the model for process scheduling, programming language semantics, and kernel development are outlined