CSF concentrations of cAMP negatively correlate with tau protein in CJD.

<p>Correlation of tau protein with cAMP (A) or cGMP (B) concentrations in CSF of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) patients. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r) and the respective <i>p</i>-values are given.</p

Characteristics of potential CSF biomarkers for CJD in ROC analysis.

<p>AUC: area under the curve.</p>1<p>The cut-off was calculated using the Youden index <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0032664#pone.0032664-Baker1" target="_blank">[24]</a>.</p

Cyclic AMP and cGMP are stable in human CSF.

<p>Stability of cAMP and cGMP in human CSF after different handling and storage conditions. A CSF sample was splitted and subjected to the indicated procedures before being measured by LC-MS/MS in triplicate. Data were analysed by a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison tests to compare the different groups against the control. Data are means ± SD, <i>p</i> = 0.58 (cAMP), <i>p</i> = 0.70 (cGMP).</p

CSF concentrations of cAMP and cGMP are reduced in CJD.

<p>CSF concentrations of cAMP (A) and cGMP (B) in cases with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD, n = 15) and control patients (CON, n = 11) measured by LC-MS/MS. Data are means ± SEM, **<i>p</i><0.01, Mann-Whitney test.</p

CSF concentrations of cAMP and cGMP are not altered in PD and PDD.

<p>CSF concentrations of cAMP (A) and cGMP (B) in cases with Parkinson's disease (PD, n = 11), PD dementia (PDD, n = 8) and control patients (CON, n = 9) measured by LC-MS/MS. Data are means ± SEM, <i>p</i> = 0.50 (cAMP), <i>p</i> = 0.57 (cGMP), Kruskal-Wallis test.</p

Characteristics of patients included in the study.

<p>Data are means ± SD, Data are missing for.</p>a<p>three,</p>b<p>six and.</p>c<p>one patients.</p><p>CON: control patients, m: male, f: female, S: spinal, B: bulbar, S+B: spinal and bulbar, PRNP: prion protein gene, M: methionine, V: valine.</p

CSF concentrations of cAMP and cGMP are not altered in ALS.

<p>CSF concentrations of cAMP (A) and cGMP (B) in cases with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, n = 14) and control patients (CON, n = 14) measured by LC-MS/MS. Data are means ± SEM, <i>p</i> = 0.80 (cAMP), <i>p</i> = 0.48 (cGMP), Mann-Whitney test.</p

Expression of DNMTs in non-cancerous brain tissue specimen and in malignant glioma.

<p>cDNA was synthesized from amplified RNA purified from tumor tissue obtained by stereotactic biopsy or open surgery and expression of DNMTs was determined using real-time PCR. <b>A:</b> Expression pattern of DNMTs in normal brain tissue (1, N = 10) and in high grade glioma (2, N = 63). DNMT mRNA expression is calculated relative to the reference genes <i>SDHA</i> and <i>TBP</i> (*, p>0.01). <b>B:</b> Expression of DNMTs in non-cancerous brain tissue specimen (1, N = 10), in high grade glioma (2, N = 63), and in the glioma group stratified by <i>MGMT</i> promoter methylation status (methylated, 3, N = 32; unmethylated, 4, N = 31). All data were normalized to the reference genes SDHA and TBP, and the fold change of every DNMT relative to the median expression in the normal brain samples (arbitrarily set to 1) was calculated. Horizontal bars indicate medians.</p

Study population.

<p>Abbreviations: KPS, Karnofsky performance score; PE, stereotactic biopsy; OP, open tumor resection.</p><p>*after 3 months.</p

Kaplan-Meier estimates of patients with malignant glioma stratified by MGMT mRNA expression.

<p>Tumor tissue obtained either by stereotactic biopsy or by open surgery <b>A:</b> Progression free survival (N = 63), <b>B:</b> Overall survival (N = 63), <b>C:</b> Progression free survival of patients with methylated GBMs (N = 24) <b>D:</b> Survival of patients with methylated GBMs (N = 24).</p