Overall geometric mean titer (GMT) of EV71 and CA16 antibody.

<p>Before: before the 2010 HFMD epidemic; after: after the 2010 HFMD epidemic. The lines indicate 95% confidence interval.</p

Phylogenetic tree of the VP1 coding region of the EV-C96 strains available in GenBank.

<p>The locations of the Guangdong strains are indicated by a black diamond. Bar, nucleotide distance as substitutions per site. Only bootstrap values of over 70% are shown.</p

Cytopathic effects (CPEs) and virus replication kinetics of GD809/2011 infection.

<p>RD and Hep-2 cells were infected with GD809/2011 at an MOI of 1. (a). The CPEs were shown by the cell morphological changes at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h p.i. (original magnification, ×100); (b). Intracellular viral RNA levels were measured at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h p.i. by qRT- PCR. The relative viral RNA level at 0 h p.i. was set as 1, and the viral RNA levels at other time points were expressed as fold changes. Data shown are the mean ± SD of three independent experiments.</p

Age-dependent seroprevalence of EV71 and CA16 antibody.

<p>Age-related seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies to EV71 (A) and CA16 (B) in individuals in Guangdong, China, before and after the 2010 HFMD epidemic. Before: before the 2010 HFMD epidemic; after: after the 2010 HFMD epidemic.</p

Similarity plot (a) and bootscanning analysis (b) of the complete genome of the newly isolated EV-C96 strain GD809/2011 with other EV-C96 strains.

<p>Analysis was performed by using a sliding window of 500-nt steps. GD809/2011 was used as a query sequence.</p

Overall seroprevalence of EV71 and CA16 antibody.

<p>Overall seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies to EV71 (A) and CA16 (B) in individuals in Guangdong, China, before and after the 2010 HFMD epidemic. Before: before the 2010 HFMD epidemic; after: after the 2010 HFMD epidemic. The lines indicate 95% confidence interval.</p

Similarity plot (a) and bootscanning analysis (b) of the complete EV-C genomes using a sliding window of 500 nt moving in 40-nt steps.

<p>The EV-96 strain GD809/2011 was used as a query sequence.</p

Phylogenetic trees constructed based on the <i>P1</i> (a), <i>P2</i> (b), and <i>P3</i> (c) coding regions of EV-C strains.

<p>The five EV-96 strains with available full genome sequences were included. The locations of the Guangdong strains are indicated by a black diamond. Bar, nucleotide distance as substitutions per site. Only bootstrap values of over 70% are shown.</p

Phylogenetic relationship among the 562 EV71 C4 strains isolated in mainland China from 1998 to 2010.

<p>257 China strains are from the present study, and 305 China strains are from GenBank. The bootstrap values of 1000 replicates for major lineages are displayed as numbers at the nodes. Strains isolated in Shenzhen from 1998 to 2004 were marked by the sombol •.</p

Demographic profile of the subjects.

<p>No: number; before: before the 2010 HFMD epidemic; after: after the 2010 HFMD epidemic.</p