30 research outputs found

    The challenge of participatory natural resource management with mobile herders at the scale of a Sub-Saharan African protected area

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    Abstract In Sub-Saharan Africa, the management of rangelands used by mobile populations, such as transhumant herders, must include large scale, sometimes cross-border, components. This mobility, common and significant in transhumant livestock production systems is, in most cases, not taken into account in conservation and natural resources management strategies around protected areas. Most conservation projects which include a development goal are designed to provide support to sedentary subsistence agricultural populations. Securing ‘‘pastoral lands’’ is seldom included as part of protected areas land management approaches. This paper focuses on the difficulty of integrating pastoral, agricultural and conservation issues into a regional land management plan. Based on a case study in Chad (Zakouma National Park), we pay particular attention to local mechanisms of land tenure negotiation, the mobile actors and the complex political landscape that this creates. Keywords Land tenure ïżœ Mobility ïżœ Protected areas ïżœ Sub-Saharan Africa ïżœ Transhumant herders ïżœ Wildlife conservatio

    Derivation of cochlear cells from pathological or isogenic human iPSCs for modeling hereditary hearing loss

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    Alström Syndrome (AS) is a human autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by numerous clinical symptoms including deafness. AS is caused by mutations in the ALMS1 gene encoding for ALMS1 protein expressed at the basal body and implicated in ciliogenesis, cell cycle and proliferation (Jagger et al., 2011; Zulato et al., 2011 & Shenje et al., 2014). We are interesting in understanding the unknown mechanisms involving this protein in the genetic deafness of AS patients. To develop a model as closer as possible to the human pathology, we are using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) generated from fibroblasts of healthy and AS patients. Using a stepwise protocol, we demonstrated that healthy hiPSCs (waiting for isogenic hiPSCs) can generate a population of cells with gene and protein expression patterns consistent with the ones of otic progenitor cells (OSCs). At this differentiation stage, we observed some proliferation and apoptotic defects between healthy and AS cells. When human OSCs are co-cultured with mouse feeder cells, they are able to differentiate into hair cells (HCs). We successfully differentiated AS hiPSCs generated from AS patients into HCs. We are currently confirming gene expression pattern and testing HCs functionality.  To exclude patient linked epigenetics and differentiation defects, we are correcting the genomic mutation in the AS hiPSCs to generate isogenic hiPSCs using the CRIPSR/Cas9 system. Thanks to the isogenic hiPSCs we will be able to confirm that these defects are well due to the ALMS1 mutation.Derivation of cochlear cells from pathological or isogenic human iPSCs for modeling hereditary hearing los

    Possibilities of a concerted management of the areas of natural vegetation around Zakouma national park (Chad)

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    R É S U M ÉI. Actuellement, en Afrique sub-saharienne, les acteurs de la conservation considĂšrent que lasurvie Ă  long terme de la faune sauvage ne peut ĂȘtre assurĂ©e que par le maintien de son habitaten dehors des aires de conservation intĂ©grale. Dans cette optique, les projets de conservationtentent de prĂ©server des Ă©tendues de vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle au sein de « zones tampons » ou de« corridors de migration » dans la pĂ©riphĂ©rie des aires protĂ©gĂ©es. Cette thĂšse s’est intĂ©ressĂ©e aux possibilitĂ©s de conserver de tels espaces en concertation avec les populations riveraines du parc national de Zakouma, une aire protĂ©gĂ©e du Sud-est du Tchad. Notre objectif a Ă©tĂ© de rechercher des solutions aux problĂšmes que rencontrent gĂ©nĂ©ralement les amĂ©nagistes dans cette action. Notre hypothĂšse est que l’amĂ©nagement des pĂ©riphĂ©ries d’aires protĂ©gĂ©es doit s’appuyer sur une meilleure identification des dĂ©terminants locaux de l’exploitation des espaces de vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle, et que leur analyse doit s’appuyer sur une approche spatiale.II. Plusieurs Ă©tapes de recherches ont permis d’alimenter notre rĂ©flexion :Une premiĂšre phase de terrain a Ă©tĂ© tout d’abord Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e Ă  Am Choka, un village reprĂ©sentatif de la zone la plus densĂ©ment peuplĂ©e de la pĂ©riphĂ©rie est du PNZ. Les objectifs visĂ©s Ă©taient i.) d’une part, de dĂ©terminer les activitĂ©s humaines affectant le plus le paysagevĂ©gĂ©tal naturel de la pĂ©riphĂ©rie du parc, et donc susceptibles d’annihiler son rĂŽle de « zonetampon », et ii) d’autre part, d’identifier les savoir-faire et les facteurs socioĂ©conomiques etpolitiques qui rĂ©gissent l’exploitation des espaces de vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle. Outre l’observation participante au village, des cartographies fines du terroir et des zones d’exploitation, ainsi que des entretiens semi-structurĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s sur le terrain.La seconde phase de recherche a Ă©tĂ© consacrĂ©e Ă  la rĂ©alisation d’un outil cartographique dansle but (i) d’évaluer l’état de la zone pĂ©riphĂ©rique en terme de rĂ©partition et d’occupation relative des diverses formations vĂ©gĂ©tales naturelles par rapport Ă  l’emprise agricole, et ii.) d’en dĂ©duire les zones de la pĂ©riphĂ©rie les plus susceptibles de faire l’objet d’un processus de gestion des espaces de vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle. A cet effet, quatre images satellites rĂ©centes ont Ă©tĂ© acquises. Les opĂ©rations de terrain ont donnĂ© lieu Ă  234 relevĂ©s sur ligneux et 2440 relevĂ©s qualitatifs d’autres types d’occupation du sol. Ces relevĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour l’interprĂ©tation des scĂšnes satellites en unitĂ©s cartographiques.La troisiĂšme phase de recherche a portĂ© sur une analyse du dispositif d’amĂ©nagement rĂ©cemment proposĂ© pour la zone pĂ©riphĂ©rique du PNZ par le projet gestionnaire du parc. Notre objectif Ă©tait de mettre en Ă©vidence, les modalitĂ©s rĂ©elles de prise en compte de l’organisation locale de l’exploitation ou de la gestion des espaces de vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle, et de les confronter avec les connaissances acquises lors de la premiĂšre phase de recherche. III. La recherche aboutit aux rĂ©sultats suivants :Les populations rurales ont une bonne connaissance du milieu physique et utilisent unetypologie qui leur permet de localiser les diffĂ©rentes composantes de leur terroir et de leurfinage, et d’en Ă©valuer le potentiel.La dĂ©friche des espaces de vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle Ă  des fins agricoles est rĂ©gie par des instancescoutumiĂšres villageoises et cantonale qui exercent un fort pouvoir en matiĂšre de gestion dufoncier et de planifications agricoles.La culture du sorgho repiquĂ© (berbĂ©rĂ© - Sorghum bicolor) constitue la principale source derĂ©duction des espaces de vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle. Elle modifie le paysage sur de grandes portionsde territoire car sa mise en place nĂ©cessite un essartage intĂ©gral des savanes Ă  Acacia seyal.L’accĂšs et l’usage des espaces de vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle pour la collecte de produits forestiersligneux et non-ligneux sont libres et non liĂ©s Ă  la propriĂ©tĂ© fonciĂšre. L’exploitation de cesproduits n’entraĂźne pas de coupe Ă  blanc mais les contraintes d’exploitation conditionne l’étendue spatiale du finage autour d’un village donnĂ©. Certaines zones du finage sont cependant l’objet de bornages fonciers en vue de projets agricoles Ă  plus ou moins long terme. Les travaux cartographiques ont abouti Ă  l’apprĂ©ciation de l’étendue et de rĂ©partition des formations vĂ©gĂ©tales naturelles. Le sorgho de dĂ©crue occupe un peu moins de 5% de la totalitĂ© de la superficie de zone pĂ©riphĂ©rique. Les zones de cultures sont concentrĂ©es pour l’essentiel Ă l’est et au nord de l’aire protĂ©gĂ©e. Un dixiĂšme de la superficie d’origine des savanes Ă  Acaciaseyal a dĂ©jĂ  Ă©tĂ© exploitĂ© Ă  des fins agricoles. Cette carte peut ĂȘtre exploitĂ©e pour localiser leszones d’enjeux entre conservation et dĂ©veloppement Ă©conomique. Cet exercice permet dereconsidĂ©rer la dĂ©limitation en zones de protection de la pĂ©riphĂ©rie.Dans sa formulation, le « plan de gestion » tĂ©moigne largement d’une volontĂ© d’associer lespopulations riveraines Ă  l’amĂ©nagement de la pĂ©riphĂ©rie du parc. Cette collaboration seracertainement entravĂ©e par l’absence de compensation en contrepartie de la limitation dudĂ©veloppement agricole au profit de l’habitat de la faune sauvage. Par contre, elle pourraitĂȘtre favorisĂ©e si le zonage proposĂ© correspondait aux limites des terroirs et des finages. UnprĂ©liminaire Ă  tout processus de gestion concertĂ©e des espaces de vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle est aussi l’identification des dĂ©cideurs qui ont autoritĂ© sur ces espaces. L’étude dĂ©bouche sur suggestions permettant aux amĂ©nagistes leurs permettant d’atteindre leurs objectifs de conservation de la faune et de son habitat en concertation avec les populations riveraines. Ces recommandations peuvent certainement ĂȘtre adaptĂ©es Ă  d’autres contextes d’amĂ©nagement des pĂ©riphĂ©ries d’aires protĂ©gĂ©es. ABSTRACTI. Nowadays, in Sub-Saharan Africa, conservation actors believe that the long-term survivalof wild animals can be ensured only through the maintenance of their habitat outside areas oftotal conservation. Accordingly, conservation projects seek to preserve areas of naturalvegetation in “buffer zones” or “migration corridors” on the periphery of protected areas.The present doctoral thesis studies the possibilities of conservating such areas in concertationwith the populations living around Zakouma National Park (ZNP), a protected area in southeastChad. Our aim has been to find solutions to the problems generally encountered by forestmanagers working towards this goal. Our hypothesis is that the management of surroundingsof protected areas must be grounded on a better identification of the local factors determiningthe exploitation of natural vegetation areas, and that any analysis must be based on a spatialapproach.II. Several steps in the research provided grounds for reflection:As a first phase, a survey was conducted in Am Choka, a village representative of the mostdensely populated zone of the eastern periphery of ZNP. The objectives were (i) to determinewhich human activities most affect the natural vegetal landscape of the periphery of the parkand hence are likely to annul its role of “buffer zone”, and (ii) to identify which know-howand socio-economic or political factors govern the exploitation of natural vegetation areas. Inaddition to participatory observation in the village, detailed maps were made of the ‘terroir’and the ‘finage’ (the total area exploited by a village), and semi-structured interviews wereconducted on the spot.The second phase of research was dedicated to the creation of a cartographic tool with theintention of (i) assessing the state of the peripheral zone in terms of where and to what extentthe natural vegetal formations are situated in comparison with the land under cultivation, and(ii) pinpointing the peripheral zones best suited to a process of management of naturalvegetation areas. To that end, four recent satellite pictures were acquired. Operations on theground yielded 234 plottings over wood stands and 2 440 qualitative plottings of other typesof land occupation. These plottings were used to convert the satellite images into cartographicunits.The third phase of research was concerned with an analysis of the management mechanismrecently proposed for the peripheral zone of ZNP by the park management project. Our aimwas to bring to the fore the actual methods by which the local organisation of exploitation ormanagement of the natural vegetation areas is taken into account and to compare them withthe knowledge acquired under the first phase of research.III. The research produced the following results:The rural populations have a good knowledge of the physical environment and use a typologywhich enables them to localise the different components of the terroir and of the finage, andto assess their potential.The clearing of areas of natural vegetation for agricultural purposes is governed by traditionalvillage or canton authorities, which exert a powerful influence over land management andagricultural planning.The cultivation of transplanted sorghum (berbĂ©rĂ© - Sorghum bicolor) is the main source ofreduction of areas with natural vegetation. It modifies the landscape over large swathes ofterritory inasmuch as this cultivation method leads to a total clearing of the Acacia seyalsavannas. Access to and use of areas of natural vegetation for collecting wood and non-wood forestproducts are free and not linked to land ownership. Exploiting these products does not lead to clear-cutting of the forest, but the constraints of exploitation influence the spatial extent of the finage around a given village. Some zones of finage are nevertheless subjected to landboundary markings when agricultural projects are planned in the shorter or longer term.The cartographic findings led to an assessment of the area covered by, and the distribution of,natural vegetal formations. Flood-irrigated sorghum occupies just under 5% of the total areaof the periphery. The cultivation zones are mostly concentrated east and north of the protected area. One tenth of the original area of Acacia seyal savannas has already been exploited for agriculture. The map can also be used to identify areas caught between conservation andeconomic development. This exercise makes its possible to reconsider the delimitation of theperiphery into protection zones. In its formulation, the “management plan” largely reveals the will to involve local populationsin the management of the periphery of the park. This collaboration will certainly be hamperedby the absence of compensation to offset any limitation of agricultural development to thebenefit of the wild animal habitat. It could, however, be promoted if the proposed zoning wereto correspond to the limits of the terroirs and finages. A preliminary to any process ofconcerted management of the areas of natural vegetation would also be to identify thedecision-makers who have authority over these expanses. The present study throws up suggestions as to how forest managers might attain theirobjectives for the conservation of fauna and their habitat in concertation with the localpopulations. These recommendations can certainly also be extrapolated to other contexts ofmanagement of the peripheries of protected areas.Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingĂ©nierie biologiqueinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

    Possibilities of a concerted management of the areas of natural vegetation around Zakouma national park (Chad)

    No full text
    R É S U M ÉI. Actuellement, en Afrique sub-saharienne, les acteurs de la conservation considĂšrent que lasurvie Ă  long terme de la faune sauvage ne peut ĂȘtre assurĂ©e que par le maintien de son habitaten dehors des aires de conservation intĂ©grale. Dans cette optique, les projets de conservationtentent de prĂ©server des Ă©tendues de vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle au sein de « zones tampons » ou de« corridors de migration » dans la pĂ©riphĂ©rie des aires protĂ©gĂ©es. Cette thĂšse s’est intĂ©ressĂ©e aux possibilitĂ©s de conserver de tels espaces en concertation avec les populations riveraines du parc national de Zakouma, une aire protĂ©gĂ©e du Sud-est du Tchad. Notre objectif a Ă©tĂ© de rechercher des solutions aux problĂšmes que rencontrent gĂ©nĂ©ralement les amĂ©nagistes dans cette action. Notre hypothĂšse est que l’amĂ©nagement des pĂ©riphĂ©ries d’aires protĂ©gĂ©es doit s’appuyer sur une meilleure identification des dĂ©terminants locaux de l’exploitation des espaces de vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle, et que leur analyse doit s’appuyer sur une approche spatiale.II. Plusieurs Ă©tapes de recherches ont permis d’alimenter notre rĂ©flexion :Une premiĂšre phase de terrain a Ă©tĂ© tout d’abord Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e Ă  Am Choka, un village reprĂ©sentatif de la zone la plus densĂ©ment peuplĂ©e de la pĂ©riphĂ©rie est du PNZ. Les objectifs visĂ©s Ă©taient i.) d’une part, de dĂ©terminer les activitĂ©s humaines affectant le plus le paysagevĂ©gĂ©tal naturel de la pĂ©riphĂ©rie du parc, et donc susceptibles d’annihiler son rĂŽle de « zonetampon », et ii) d’autre part, d’identifier les savoir-faire et les facteurs socioĂ©conomiques etpolitiques qui rĂ©gissent l’exploitation des espaces de vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle. Outre l’observation participante au village, des cartographies fines du terroir et des zones d’exploitation, ainsi que des entretiens semi-structurĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s sur le terrain.La seconde phase de recherche a Ă©tĂ© consacrĂ©e Ă  la rĂ©alisation d’un outil cartographique dansle but (i) d’évaluer l’état de la zone pĂ©riphĂ©rique en terme de rĂ©partition et d’occupation relative des diverses formations vĂ©gĂ©tales naturelles par rapport Ă  l’emprise agricole, et ii.) d’en dĂ©duire les zones de la pĂ©riphĂ©rie les plus susceptibles de faire l’objet d’un processus de gestion des espaces de vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle. A cet effet, quatre images satellites rĂ©centes ont Ă©tĂ© acquises. Les opĂ©rations de terrain ont donnĂ© lieu Ă  234 relevĂ©s sur ligneux et 2440 relevĂ©s qualitatifs d’autres types d’occupation du sol. Ces relevĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour l’interprĂ©tation des scĂšnes satellites en unitĂ©s cartographiques.La troisiĂšme phase de recherche a portĂ© sur une analyse du dispositif d’amĂ©nagement rĂ©cemment proposĂ© pour la zone pĂ©riphĂ©rique du PNZ par le projet gestionnaire du parc. Notre objectif Ă©tait de mettre en Ă©vidence, les modalitĂ©s rĂ©elles de prise en compte de l’organisation locale de l’exploitation ou de la gestion des espaces de vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle, et de les confronter avec les connaissances acquises lors de la premiĂšre phase de recherche. III. La recherche aboutit aux rĂ©sultats suivants :Les populations rurales ont une bonne connaissance du milieu physique et utilisent unetypologie qui leur permet de localiser les diffĂ©rentes composantes de leur terroir et de leurfinage, et d’en Ă©valuer le potentiel.La dĂ©friche des espaces de vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle Ă  des fins agricoles est rĂ©gie par des instancescoutumiĂšres villageoises et cantonale qui exercent un fort pouvoir en matiĂšre de gestion dufoncier et de planifications agricoles.La culture du sorgho repiquĂ© (berbĂ©rĂ© - Sorghum bicolor) constitue la principale source derĂ©duction des espaces de vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle. Elle modifie le paysage sur de grandes portionsde territoire car sa mise en place nĂ©cessite un essartage intĂ©gral des savanes Ă  Acacia seyal.L’accĂšs et l’usage des espaces de vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle pour la collecte de produits forestiersligneux et non-ligneux sont libres et non liĂ©s Ă  la propriĂ©tĂ© fonciĂšre. L’exploitation de cesproduits n’entraĂźne pas de coupe Ă  blanc mais les contraintes d’exploitation conditionne l’étendue spatiale du finage autour d’un village donnĂ©. Certaines zones du finage sont cependant l’objet de bornages fonciers en vue de projets agricoles Ă  plus ou moins long terme. Les travaux cartographiques ont abouti Ă  l’apprĂ©ciation de l’étendue et de rĂ©partition des formations vĂ©gĂ©tales naturelles. Le sorgho de dĂ©crue occupe un peu moins de 5% de la totalitĂ© de la superficie de zone pĂ©riphĂ©rique. Les zones de cultures sont concentrĂ©es pour l’essentiel Ă l’est et au nord de l’aire protĂ©gĂ©e. Un dixiĂšme de la superficie d’origine des savanes Ă  Acaciaseyal a dĂ©jĂ  Ă©tĂ© exploitĂ© Ă  des fins agricoles. Cette carte peut ĂȘtre exploitĂ©e pour localiser leszones d’enjeux entre conservation et dĂ©veloppement Ă©conomique. Cet exercice permet dereconsidĂ©rer la dĂ©limitation en zones de protection de la pĂ©riphĂ©rie.Dans sa formulation, le « plan de gestion » tĂ©moigne largement d’une volontĂ© d’associer lespopulations riveraines Ă  l’amĂ©nagement de la pĂ©riphĂ©rie du parc. Cette collaboration seracertainement entravĂ©e par l’absence de compensation en contrepartie de la limitation dudĂ©veloppement agricole au profit de l’habitat de la faune sauvage. Par contre, elle pourraitĂȘtre favorisĂ©e si le zonage proposĂ© correspondait aux limites des terroirs et des finages. UnprĂ©liminaire Ă  tout processus de gestion concertĂ©e des espaces de vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle est aussi l’identification des dĂ©cideurs qui ont autoritĂ© sur ces espaces. L’étude dĂ©bouche sur suggestions permettant aux amĂ©nagistes leurs permettant d’atteindre leurs objectifs de conservation de la faune et de son habitat en concertation avec les populations riveraines. Ces recommandations peuvent certainement ĂȘtre adaptĂ©es Ă  d’autres contextes d’amĂ©nagement des pĂ©riphĂ©ries d’aires protĂ©gĂ©es. ABSTRACTI. Nowadays, in Sub-Saharan Africa, conservation actors believe that the long-term survivalof wild animals can be ensured only through the maintenance of their habitat outside areas oftotal conservation. Accordingly, conservation projects seek to preserve areas of naturalvegetation in “buffer zones” or “migration corridors” on the periphery of protected areas.The present doctoral thesis studies the possibilities of conservating such areas in concertationwith the populations living around Zakouma National Park (ZNP), a protected area in southeastChad. Our aim has been to find solutions to the problems generally encountered by forestmanagers working towards this goal. Our hypothesis is that the management of surroundingsof protected areas must be grounded on a better identification of the local factors determiningthe exploitation of natural vegetation areas, and that any analysis must be based on a spatialapproach.II. Several steps in the research provided grounds for reflection:As a first phase, a survey was conducted in Am Choka, a village representative of the mostdensely populated zone of the eastern periphery of ZNP. The objectives were (i) to determinewhich human activities most affect the natural vegetal landscape of the periphery of the parkand hence are likely to annul its role of “buffer zone”, and (ii) to identify which know-howand socio-economic or political factors govern the exploitation of natural vegetation areas. Inaddition to participatory observation in the village, detailed maps were made of the ‘terroir’and the ‘finage’ (the total area exploited by a village), and semi-structured interviews wereconducted on the spot.The second phase of research was dedicated to the creation of a cartographic tool with theintention of (i) assessing the state of the peripheral zone in terms of where and to what extentthe natural vegetal formations are situated in comparison with the land under cultivation, and(ii) pinpointing the peripheral zones best suited to a process of management of naturalvegetation areas. To that end, four recent satellite pictures were acquired. Operations on theground yielded 234 plottings over wood stands and 2 440 qualitative plottings of other typesof land occupation. These plottings were used to convert the satellite images into cartographicunits.The third phase of research was concerned with an analysis of the management mechanismrecently proposed for the peripheral zone of ZNP by the park management project. Our aimwas to bring to the fore the actual methods by which the local organisation of exploitation ormanagement of the natural vegetation areas is taken into account and to compare them withthe knowledge acquired under the first phase of research.III. The research produced the following results:The rural populations have a good knowledge of the physical environment and use a typologywhich enables them to localise the different components of the terroir and of the finage, andto assess their potential.The clearing of areas of natural vegetation for agricultural purposes is governed by traditionalvillage or canton authorities, which exert a powerful influence over land management andagricultural planning.The cultivation of transplanted sorghum (berbĂ©rĂ© - Sorghum bicolor) is the main source ofreduction of areas with natural vegetation. It modifies the landscape over large swathes ofterritory inasmuch as this cultivation method leads to a total clearing of the Acacia seyalsavannas. Access to and use of areas of natural vegetation for collecting wood and non-wood forestproducts are free and not linked to land ownership. Exploiting these products does not lead to clear-cutting of the forest, but the constraints of exploitation influence the spatial extent of the finage around a given village. Some zones of finage are nevertheless subjected to landboundary markings when agricultural projects are planned in the shorter or longer term.The cartographic findings led to an assessment of the area covered by, and the distribution of,natural vegetal formations. Flood-irrigated sorghum occupies just under 5% of the total areaof the periphery. The cultivation zones are mostly concentrated east and north of the protected area. One tenth of the original area of Acacia seyal savannas has already been exploited for agriculture. The map can also be used to identify areas caught between conservation andeconomic development. This exercise makes its possible to reconsider the delimitation of theperiphery into protection zones. In its formulation, the “management plan” largely reveals the will to involve local populationsin the management of the periphery of the park. This collaboration will certainly be hamperedby the absence of compensation to offset any limitation of agricultural development to thebenefit of the wild animal habitat. It could, however, be promoted if the proposed zoning wereto correspond to the limits of the terroirs and finages. A preliminary to any process ofconcerted management of the areas of natural vegetation would also be to identify thedecision-makers who have authority over these expanses. The present study throws up suggestions as to how forest managers might attain theirobjectives for the conservation of fauna and their habitat in concertation with the localpopulations. These recommendations can certainly also be extrapolated to other contexts ofmanagement of the peripheries of protected areas.Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingĂ©nierie biologiqueiiTSEinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

    The challenge of participatory natural resource management with mobile herders at the scale of a Sub-Saharan African protected area

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    Abstract In Sub-Saharan Africa, the management of rangelands used by mobile populations, such as transhumant herders, must include large scale, sometimes cross-border, components. This mobility, common and significant in transhumant livestock production systems is, in most cases, not taken into account in conservation and natural resources management strategies around protected areas. Most conservation projects which include a development goal are designed to provide support to sedentary subsistence agricultural populations. Securing ‘‘pastoral lands’’ is seldom included as part of protected areas land management approaches. This paper focuses on the difficulty of integrating pastoral, agricultural and conservation issues into a regional land management plan. Based on a case study in Chad (Zakouma National Park), we pay particular attention to local mechanisms of land tenure negotiation, the mobile actors and the complex political landscape that this creates. Keywords Land tenure ïżœ Mobility ïżœ Protected areas ïżœ Sub-Saharan Africa ïżœ Transhumant herders ïżœ Wildlife conservatio
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