Additional file 2: of Genome-wide characterization of non-reference transposons in crops suggests non-random insertion

Supplemental Material. This file contains Tables S1–S3 and all the Figures S1–S7. (PDF 1647 kb

Cotula australis Hook. fil.

原著和名: マメカミツレ科名: キク科 = Compositae採集地: 東京都 浅草 三社 (武蔵 浅草 三社)採集日: 1980/11/24採集者: 萩庭丈壽整理番号: JH025392国立科学博物館整理番号: TNS-VS-97539

Expression profiles of the <i>TaLHY</i> gene in circadian rhythm.

<p>The relative expression of <i>TaLHY</i> was normalized to the transcript abundances at 8 a.m. (as 1). The error bars represent the standard deviation among three biological replicates. (units: %).</p

Expression profiles of <i>TaLHY</i> in wheat Chuannong19 and Mianyang11 responding to different treatments.

<p>A. Response to the stripe rust. B. Response to four exogenous chemicals in wheat Chuannong19. C. Response to four exogenous chemicals in wheat Mianyang11. ABA: abscisic acid; SA: salicylic acid; JA: jasmonate acid; ET: ethylene. Stripe rust pathogen treatment at every time point is normalized at 0 hip, and exogenous hormone treatment at every time point is normalized at the corresponding circadian rhythm transcript abundance. The error bars represent the standard deviation among three biological replicates.</p

A representative phylogenetic tree of <i>TaLHY</i> and selected LHY genes.

<p>Five LHY sequences of monocotyledon plant species from <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i>, <i>Hordeum vulgare</i>, <i>Oryza Sativa</i>, <i>Setaria italica</i> and <i>Zea mays</i>, and eight LHY sequences of dicotyledon plant species from <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>, <i>Solanum tuberosum</i>, <i>Arabidopsis</i>, <i>Cicer arietinum</i>, <i>Glycine max</i>, <i>Prunu smume</i>, <i>Vitis vinifera</i> and <i>Cucumis sativus</i> were selected. GeneBank accession numbers are provided after the gene names.</p

The relative expression of <i>TaLHY</i> in wheat Chuannong19 in response to transfection with BSMV:<i>TaLHY</i>.

<p>The relative expression of <i>TaLHY</i> was normalized to the transcript abundances in Mock (as 1). The error bars represent the standard deviation among three biological replicates.</p

<i>TaLHY</i>, a 1R-MYB Transcription Factor, Plays an Important Role in Disease Resistance against Stripe Rust Fungus and Ear Heading in Wheat

<div><p>LHY (late elongated hypocotyl) is an important gene that regulates and controls biological rhythms in plants. Additionally, LHY is highly expressed in the SSH (suppression subtractive hybridization) cDNA library-induced stripe rust pathogen (CYR32) in our previous research. To identify the function of the LHY gene in disease resistance against stripe rust, we used RACE-PCR technology to clone <i>TaLHY</i> in the wheat variety Chuannong19. The cDNA of <i>TaLHY</i> is 3085 bp long with an open reading frame of 1947 bp. <i>TaLHY</i> is speculated to encode a 70.3 kDa protein of 648 amino acids , which has one typical plant MYB-DNA binding domain; additionally, phylogenetic tree shows that <i>TaLHY</i> has the highest homology with LHY of <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i>(<i>BdLHY-like</i>). Quantitative fluorescence PCR indicates that <i>TaLHY</i> has higher expression in the leaf, ear and stem of wheat but lower expression in the root. Infestation of CYR32 can result in up-regulated expression of <i>TaLHY</i>, peaking at 72 h. Using VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) technology to disease-resistant wheat in the fourth leaf stage, plants with silenced <i>TaLHY</i> cannot complete their heading stage. Through the compatible interaction with the stripe rust physiological race CYR32, Chuannong 19 loses its immune capability toward the stripe rust pathogen, indicating that <i>TaLHY</i> may regulate and participate in the heading of wheat, as well as the defense responses against stripe rust infection.</p></div

Results of wheat leaves with silenced target genes by VIGS and the leaves of wheat infested by stripe rust after gene silencing.

<p>A. Mild chlorotic mosaic symptoms were observed on the leaves inoculated with BSMV: γ、BSMV: <i>TaLHY</i>、and BSMV: GFP at 10 dpi. Mock: Chuannong19 leaves treated with buffer. Photobleaching was evident on leaves infected with BSMV: PDS at 15 dpi but not on mock-inoculated leaves. B. Stripe rust infection types of Chuannong19 at 15 dpi with CYR32. Mianyang 11: comparison of disease infection. Typical leaves were photographed at 15 dpi.</p

LHY amino acid sequence multiple alignment results in different plants.

<p>The conserved MYB-DNA binding domain of different plants is marked by red box.</p

The growth of wheat plants after gene silencing.

<p>The left two were control Chuannong19 plants, with normal heading and flowering. The right two were <i>TaLHY</i>-silenced plants, unable to enter the heading stage of wheat development.</p