Il tensore energia-impulso per un fluido perfetto in relatività ristretta e generale

Con questo lavoro si vuole discutere la connessione esistente tra l' equazione di continuità e l'equazione del moto di un fluido perfetto in Relatività Ristretta e Generale. Dapprima forniremo una breve introduzione sulle basi della Relatività Ristretta , introducendo il tensore energia-impulso ed analizzando in maniera specifica tale tensore per un fluido perfetto, ricavandone le equazioni del moto. Forniremo un secondo esempio di tensore Energia-Impulso per la materia incoerente. Conclusa questa argomentazione ci concentreremo sulla Relatività Generale, analizzandone i principi che sono alla base e privilegiando tra questi il Principio di Covarianza Generale come linea guida per le argomentazioni logiche. In maniera analoga a quanto fatto per la Relatività Ristretta riprenderemo la discussione per il tensore energia-impulso per un fluido perfetto dal punto di vista della Relatività Generale , soffermandoci nel caso di equilibrio idrostatico. Sempre nel contesto della Relatività Generale verrà in ultima analisi discusso il concetto di fluido incoerente e moto geodetico. L'ultimo capitolo è dedicato ad una appendice matematica nel quale vengono ricordati alcuni risultati dell'analisi tensoriali utili nel seguire i calcoli effettuati

Phylogenetic structure and ancestry of Korean clawed salamander, <i>Onychodactylus koreanus</i> (Caudata: Hynobiidae)

<p><i>Onychodactylus koreanus</i>, a hynobiid salamander species endemic to the Korean Peninsula, can be regarded as a strict ecological specialist, probably vulnerable to anthropogenic environmental modifications and climate change. We used mitochondrial cytochrome <i>b</i> gene to analyze the genetic diversity and phylogenetic structure of <i>O. koreanus</i> from 19 populations collected in an attempt to cover its major distribution within South Korea. A total of 76 haplotypes of <i>O. koreanus</i> obtained in our analyses could be subdivided into three phylogenetic clades, KR, NE and SE. Clade KR haplotypes occur in most of the regions throughout the Korean Peninsula with four distinct subclades (KR I–IV). Clade NE and SE haplotypes were only observed in two populations YY and YS, respectively. Haplotype sharing was scarce even among populations in geographical proximity, and most of the populations were represented by a single clade or subclade, indicating the low level of gene flow among populations. <i>O. koreanus</i> likely originated from the historical southward dispersal of its ancestral lineages following divergence from Chinese <i>O. zhaoermii</i> that was recovered as the sister of <i>O. koreanus</i> in our phylogenetic analysis. Our results have critical implications for the taxonomic status of <i>O. koreanus</i> and its long-term management plan.</p

Additional file 1: of Comparison of normalization and differential expression analyses using RNA-Seq data from 726 individual Drosophila melanogaster

Contains Figures S1-S8 and Tables S1-S3. (PDF 1892 kb

Additional file 1: of Genetic diversity and genetic structure of the Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) populations from Asia

Table S1. Genetic characteristics of 12 microsatellite loci for Siberian roe deer from seven geographic regions in Asia. See Fig. 4 for sampling regions. Table S2: Source information and characteristics of 12 microsatellite markers obtained from cross-species amplification. Table S3: Wilcoxon signed rank test to assess differences in allelic richness (Ar) and expected heterozygosity that are corrected by small sample sizes (UHE) (one-tailed p-value). Figure S1: Bar graph of allelic diversity (Ar) and expected heterozygosity that are corrected by small sample sizes (UHE) in eight Siberian roe deer population. Table S4: Differentiation among three regions (cluster) of Siberian roe deer estimated by pairwise R ST, mean pR ST and F ST values per locus and multilocus

Associations of Brown Fat with Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics.

<p>Associations of Brown Fat with Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics.</p

Baseline and Brown Fat Characteristics Athletes and Non-athletes (NA).

<p>Baseline and Brown Fat Characteristics Athletes and Non-athletes (NA).</p

Brown Fat Volume Differences between Athletes and Non-Athletes.

<p>Brown fat volume trended lower in athletes (dark grey) compared to non-athletes (light grey).</p

Brown Fat Activity Differences between Athletes and Non-Athletes.

<p><b>(1A)</b> Maximum Intensity Projection of an 18F-FDG PET-CT scan performed in a non-athlete shows multiple and bilateral foci of increased glucose uptake along the laterocervical, supraclavicular, axillary regions, corresponding to metabolically active BAT in these regions. (<b>1B)</b> Maximum Intensity Projection of an 18F-FDG whole body PET-CT scan performed in an athlete. Physiological glucose uptake is seen in the brain, salivary glands and myocardium. No active BAT is seen in this patient.</p

Clinical characteristics of amenorrheic athletes (AA), eumenorrheic athletes (EA) and non-athletes (NA).

<p>Mean ± SD or Median (Interquartile Range); FGF21: fibroblast growth factor 21; AA: amenorrheic athletes; EA: eumenorrheic athletes; NA: non-athletes.</p>§<p>P values reported for log converted data.</p

Irisin and FGF21 levels in athletes and non-athletes.

<p>(A) Irisin and (B) FGF21 levels were lower in amenorrheic athletes (AA) compared to eumenorrheic athletes (EA) and non-athletes (NA) (ANOVA for three-group comparison for log converted values, followed by the Tukey Kramer test to compare any two groups). *, p<0.05 vs. EA and NA.</p