リュツォ・ホルム湾，プリンスオラフ海岸，及び，エンダビーランド地質調査隊報告2016-2017（JARE-58）

第58次日本南極地域観測隊（JARE-58）では，2016−2017の夏期期間にリュツォ・ホルム湾，プリンスオラフ海岸，及び，エンダビーランドにおいて地質調査をおこなった．調査隊のメンバーは，日本人地質研究者4名とアジア地域（タイ，インドネシア，モンゴル）の交換科学者3名で構成され，本吉隊長が一部期間の調査に加わった．第58次夏期観測では，「しらせ」搭載の2機の大型ヘリコプター（CH101）とともに観測隊チャーターの小型ヘリコプター（AS350）1機による野外調査の支援がなされた．本稿では，観測計画を実施するための，主に設営面での計画，準備，そして行動経過について報告する．The 58th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-58) conducted geological field surveys in the regions of Lützow-Holm Bay, Prince Olav Coast, and Enderby Land during the 2016−2017 austral summer season. The field party consisted of four Japanese geologists and three Asian geologists (Thai, Indonesian, Mongolian), and was joined periodically by JARE-58 expedition leader, Prof. Motoyoshi. Field parties were supported throughout the summer season by a smaller secondary helicopter (AS350) in addition to two main helicopters (CH101) stationed on the icebreaker Shirase. This report summarizes field preparations and the geological work undertaken, and highlights several key points for future planning and research

Noncrystalline Hybrid Lead Halides with Liquid-Polymer Characteristics

Hybrid lead halide (HLH) semiconductors, particularly those featuring perovskite and its derivative structures, have been popular materials with many promising optoelectronic applications. In general, HLHs are predominantly crystalline solids, whether they are bulk single crystals, microcrystals, or nanocrystals. This paper shows that when some short-chain Jeffamine, a widely used polyetheramine, is used as the organic species, the resultant HLH would become noncrystalline with unusual liquid-polymer-like characteristics. In this material, Jeffamine ammoniums and lead halide octahedron frameworks are both arranged amorphously, while its optical properties are similar to those of crystalline HLHs. In contrast to conventional organic species, Jeffamine exhibits a disordered molecular packing, which is believed to account for the peculiar characteristics of the HLH products. Through A-site engineering with Jeffamine, even classic lead halide perovskites such as CsPbBr3 can acquire partial noncrystallinity and transform into a liquid-polymer-like form. This discovery demonstrates that Jeffamine as a novel organic species would confer liquid-polymer properties to the products, which may provide a strategy to transform HLH materials and classic halide perovskites into special “liquid semiconductors”, thereby potentially enabling new processing techniques and new designs of soft electronics

Amino Acid Salts Catalyzed Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Tryptanthrin: A Straightforward Synthesis of Phaitanthrin A and Its Derivatives

The first asymmetric synthesis of (<i>S</i>)-Phaitanthrin A and its derivatives via a catalytic aldol reaction of Tryptanthrin and ketones is described, in which the cheap, easily prepared natural amino acid salts exhibited unique catalytic ability; importantly, this methodology tolerates a range of substrates with different substitution patterns. Moreover, the synthetic utility of this strategy was further illustrated by a gram-scale synthesis of Phaitanthrin A

Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of β‑Hydroxy Acids from Malonic Acid

A nickel­(II) catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of β-hydroxy acids from malonic acid and ketones was developed, revealing for the first time the synthetic utility of malonic acid in the construction of chiral carboxyl acids; importantly, the synthetic potential of this strategy was further demonstrated by the rapid construction of cephalanthrin A, phaitanthrin B, cruciferane, and rice metabolites

Single-Particle Plasmonic Sensing of Nitric Oxide in Living Cells

Plasmon resonance energy transfer (PRET), which occurs between plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) and organic dyes, shows significant potential in sensing chemistry due to its high sensitivity at the single-particle level. In this work, a PRET-based sensing strategy was presented for the ultrasensitive sensing of nitric oxide (NO) in living cells. Supramolecular cyclodextrin (CD) molecules that exhibited different binding abilities to various molecules due to its unique rigid structure and annular cavity was applied and modified on gold NPs (GNPs) to construct the PRET nanosensors. NO-reactive molecules, rhodamine B-derived molecules (RdMs), were further inserted into the cavity of CD molecules through hydrophobic interactions to form host–guest structures. In the presence of NO, RdMs reacted with the target and generated rhodamine (RdB). Due to the spectral overlap between GNPs@CD and RdB molecules, PRET occurred and further led to a decrease in the scattering intensity of GNPs@CD, which was sensitive to the concentration of NO. The proposed sensing platform not only provides quantitative detection of NO in solution but also realized the single-particle imaging analysis of exogenous and endogenous NO in living cells. The single-particle plasmonic probes exhibit great potential in the in vivo sensing of biomolecules and metabolic processes

The novel protein C9orf116 promotes rat liver cell line BRL-3A proliferation - Fig 7

<p>Effect of C9orf116 on mitotic entry (A) EdU incorporation assays. The Click-it reaction revealed EdU staining (red). Cell nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). (B) The percentage of EdU-positive cells was quantified. (C) The expression of p-H3 (Ser10) was evaluated by Western blot analysis in C9orf116 knockdown and overexpression BRL-3A cells compared to their control, respectively. (D) The expression of p-H3 (Ser10) was quantified. The experiments were performed three times and three replicates in each one. The data were shown as the means ± SD. Representative images were shown *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01.</p

The effect of C9orf116 siRNAs on the mRNA expression level of C9orf116.

<p>NC. Negative siRNA; siR1, siR2 and siR3 represented cells treated with C9orf116 siRNA 1, siRNA 2 and siRNA 3, respectively. The experiments were performed three times and three replicates in each one, the data were shown as the means ± SD, *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01.</p

Effect C9orf116 on the expression of cell proliferation related genes.

<p>(A) The expression of cell proliferation related genes in C9-siR2 group at the mRNA level by qRT-PCR analysis. (B) The expression of cell proliferation related genes in C9-siR2 group at the protein level by western blot analysis. (C) The expression of cell proliferation related genes in pCDH-C9 group at the mRNA level by qRT-PCR analysis. (D) The expression of cell proliferation related genes in pCDH-C9 group at the protein level by western blot analysis. The experiments were performed three times and three replicates in each one, the data were shown as the means ± SD. Representative images were shown *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01.</p

Table6_Enhanced protein–protein interaction network construction promoted by in vivo cross-linking with acid-cleavable click-chemistry enrichment.XLSX

Chemical cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry has emerged as a powerful strategy which enables global profiling of protein interactome with direct interaction interfaces in complex biological systems. The alkyne-tagged enrichable cross-linkers are preferred to improve the coverage of low-abundance cross-linked peptides, combined with click chemistry for biotin conjugation to allow the cross-linked peptide enrichment. However, a systematic evaluation on the efficiency of click approaches (protein-based or peptide-based) and diverse cleavable click-chemistry ligands (acid, reduction, and photo) for cross-linked peptide enrichment and release is lacking. Herein, together with in vivo chemical cross-linking by alkyne-tagged cross-linkers, we explored the click-chemistry-based enrichment approaches on protein and peptide levels with three cleavable click-chemistry ligands, respectively. By comparison, the approach of protein-based click-chemistry conjugation with acid-cleavable tags was demonstrated to permit the most cross-linked peptide identification. The advancement of this strategy enhanced the proteome-wide cross-linking analysis, constructing a 5,518-protein–protein-interaction network among 1,871 proteins with widely abundant distribution in cells. Therefore, all these results demonstrated the guideline value of our work for efficient cross-linked peptide enrichment, thus facilitating the in-depth profiling of protein interactome for functional analysis.</p

Effect of C9orf116 on BRL-3A cell proliferation.

<p>(A) The cell viability was assessed at 24, 48 and 72 h after transfected with siRNA and control by MTT assay. (B) The cell viability was assessed at 24, 48 and 72 h in C9orf116 over-expression cells and control by MTT assay. (C) Proliferation measurement by counting live cells in haemocytometer chamber after trypan blue staining, the number of live cells was counted at 24, 48 and 72 h after transfected with siRNA and control. (D) The number of live cells was counted at 24, 48 and 72 h in C9orf116 over-expression cells and control. NC, C9-siR2 represents the cells treated with negative siRNA, siR2-C9orf116, respectively; pCDH, pCDH-C9 represents the cells treated with Empty vector (pCDH), pCDH-C9orf116, respectively. The above results were presented as means ± SD. The experiments were performed three times and three replications per group. * Indicates <i>p</i> <0.05.</p