DESIGN, FABRICATION, TESTING AND SIMULATION OF A MODERN GLASS TO GLASS PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE IN IRAQ

The aim of the present paper is to design, fabricate, test and simulate a PV module. Conventional PV module glass to tedlar suffers from several problems that threat PV technology. These problems are lack in output power due to yellowing EVA layer during the years, moisture permeation in the module through EVA and tedlar layers and drop in thermal performance during winter season due to lower operating cell temperature. In order to overcome these problems, glass to glass PV module is the appropriate solution to minimize the amount of wet into the module and increase heat gain. This PV module was fabricated and tested in Al-Mansour State Company / Ministry of Industry and Minerals, Iraq at Standard Test Conditions. The test result showed that the maximum power is 94.2 W and the module efficiency is 11.1%. The PV module was simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software in order to estimate the output characteristics under different conditions such as solar irradiance and cell temperature. Simulation results were validated with data sheet parameters. The percentage error between the simulated results and the data sheet parameters for the open circuit voltage, short circuit current and the maximum power are 0.041%, 0%, 0%, respectively. Results showed a good closeness between parameters of data sheet and the simulated results

A Numerical Analysis of Fluid Flow and Torque for Hydropower Pelton Turbine Performance Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

The difficulty of delivering electrical power to rural areas motivated the researchers to explore more accessible power sources. Hydropower is considered a desirable option due to its sustainability and lower costs. Pelton turbines have been widely used in hydropower plants because of their low installation and maintenance costs. This study provides a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for Pelton turbine performance under various flow conditions. The model is based on the conservation of mass principle, Newton’s second law, and the first law of thermodynamics. It is used to predict the torque produced by a turbine at different rotational speeds. Previously published experimental results for the same turbine geometry and flow parameters were used to validate the model’s predictions. Validation revealed that the model can reproduce the experimental results. This provides the required robustness for its use as a tool for turbine design and modification. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.The authors extend their appreciation to Mustafa F. Mohammed and Jeffrey C. Nash, as well as to our university library (URFU), for their support in completing this research

A Numerical Analysis of Fluid Flow and Torque for Hydropower Pelton Turbine Performance Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

The difficulty of delivering electrical power to rural areas motivated the researchers to explore more accessible power sources. Hydropower is considered a desirable option due to its sustainability and lower costs. Pelton turbines have been widely used in hydropower plants because of their low installation and maintenance costs. This study provides a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for Pelton turbine performance under various flow conditions. The model is based on the conservation of mass principle, Newton’s second law, and the first law of thermodynamics. It is used to predict the torque produced by a turbine at different rotational speeds. Previously published experimental results for the same turbine geometry and flow parameters were used to validate the model’s predictions. Validation revealed that the model can reproduce the experimental results. This provides the required robustness for its use as a tool for turbine design and modification