Synthesis and Characterization of Some 2-Azetidinones and Unexpected Azet-2(1H)-ones

2-Azetidinone (2b–e) and some unexpected azet-2(1H)-one derivatives (3b–f) were synthesized in two steps from the substitution of 2-aminobenzothiazole and different substituted aromatic aldehydes. Firstly, the Schiff bases were prepared via reaction of different 2-aminobenzothiazoles with different aromatic aldehydes. Second step was the formation of corresponding 2-azetidinone and some unexpected azet-2(1H)-one analogues by cyclocondensation of the Schiff bases with chloroacetyl chloride and phenoxy acetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HMQC, elemental analysis and mass spectroscopic analysis. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Hazırlık Sınıfından Alman Dili Eğitimi Bölümüne Geçişte 'Yaz Tatili' Etkeni

Die Eingangssprachkenntnisse der Studierenden des Studiengangs 'Lehramt für Deutsch als Fremdsprache' an der Universität Trakya unterscheiden sich bei der Aufnahme des Fachstudiums von den Ergebnissen der Sprachstandprüfung, die am Ende der einjährigen Vorbereitungsklasse durchgeführt wird. Dieser Ausgangspunkt scheint auch für Abteilungen anderer Universitäten der Fall zu sein, die sich im gleichen Umfang befinden. Diesbezüglich ist es Ziel dieses Beitrags, den Faktor 'Sommerferien' bei diesem Übergang deskriptiv aufzudecken. Die Fragestellung, wie die Lernenden ihre Sommerferien bezüglich des Deutschlernens verbracht haben, war dabei entscheidend. Um eine Antwort darauf zu bekommen, wurden Lernende zu dem Faktor 'Sommerferien' mittels qualitativer Erhebungsmethode befragt. Die Resultate wurden mit Lernstrategien angeknüpft. Aus der Forschung resultierten zwei Ansätze: Erstens sollten einige Konzepte entwickelt werden, damit die Lernenden ihre Deutschkenntnisse während ihrer Sommerferien kontinuierlich weiterentwickeln. Zweitens sollten einige Maßnahmen getroffen werden, womit DaF_Lernende ihre gelernten Deutschkenntnisse wenigstens stabil halten können.Trakya Üniversitesi Alman Dili Eğitimi lisans programına yerleşen öğrencilerin Almanca dil seviyeleri hazırlık sınıfının bitiminde uygulanan Almanca Yeterlik Sınavı aracılığı ile belirlenen dil seviyesinden farklı olabilmektedir. Çalışmanın çıkış noktasını oluşturan bu durum, benzer nitelikler gösteren diğer üniversitelerdeki bölümler için de geçerli olabilmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı hazırlık sınıfından Alman Dili Eğitimi lisans programına geçiş sürecindeki 'Yaz Tatili' etkenini betimsel incelemektir. Bunun için Almanca bölümü öğrencilerine yaz tatili süresince Alman dili ile ilgi ne yaptıkları sorusu sorulmuştur. Yanıtlar nitel araştırma yöntemleri aracılığı ile elde edilmiş olup, elde edilen bulgular öğrenme stratejilerine dayandırılarak açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Tüm çalışmadan iki bakış açısı ortaya çıkmıştır: Birincisi, öğrencilerin yaz tatili süresinde Almanca dil seviyelerini kendi kendilerine geliştirmelerine yönelik taslak programların geliştirilmesi gerektiğidir. İkincisi ise, öğrencilerin öğrendikleri Almanca dil seviyelerini koruyabilmelerine yönelik bazı tedbirlerin alınması gerekliliğidir

Characterization of BNC Type Calibration Standards

In recent years, BNC type devices such as attenuator and termination are used for high frequency measurements. Unfortunately, there is no any primary standard to obtain traceability for BNC type devices. It is proposed type N to BNC adapter characterization approach to obtain traceability for BNC type calibration standards, opens, shorts and matched loads used for calibration of BNC type devices. Electrical delay is calculated to characterize adapter then it is used for measurement of BNC type calibration standards. To validate proposed approach, known type N standards are measured and compared with actual results. Obtained results show good agreement. Difference between measured and actual phase for type N opens and shorts is lower than 8° up to 10 GHz

Interlaboratory comparison pf microwave power measurement using type N coaxial line

Peer Reviewe

Uygulamalı Bilimler ve Mühendislik

Bu çalışma 0,1 M sülfürik asit içinde düşük karbon çeliğinin (LCS) korozyon direncini arttırmak için benzotriazol (Bt) ve yeni sentezlenen N-mesil benzotriazol (BtSO2CH3) kullanımını incelemektedir. LCS’nin korozyon davranışına karşı Bt ve BtSO2CH3’ün inhibitör etkisi, elektrokimyasal empedans spektroskopisi (EIS), potansiyodinamik polarizasyon eğrileri ve polarizasyon direnci teknikleri kullanılarak çalışılmıştır. Belirtilen deneysel koşullarda bu bileşikler iyi bir korozyon inhibisyonu göstermektedir. BtSO2CH3’ün inhibitör etkinliği, Bt’ün inhibitör etkinliğinden daha fazladır. Potansiyodinamik polarizasyon eğrileri bileşiklerin karma inhibitör olduğunu göstermektedir. Bileşiklerin inhibisyon özelliklerinin derişime bağlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Bileşiklerin adsorpsiyon mekanizmaları farklı adsorpsiyon izotermleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Aynı zamanda serbest enerji ve denge sabiti değerleri adsorpsiyon izotermlerinden hesaplanmıştı

Interlaboratory comparison pf microwave power measurement using type N coaxial line

Peer Reviewe

CORROSION INHIBITION OF BENZOTRIAZOLE AND N-MESYL BENZOTRIAZOLE ON LOW CARBON STEEL IN SULFURIC ACID

This study examines usage of benzotriazole (Bt) and N-mesyl benzotriazole (BtSO₂CH₃) for im- provement of corrosion resistance of low carbon steel (LCS) in 0.1 M sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). The inhibitor effect of Bt and BtSO₂CH₃ on the corrosion behavior of LCS was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization curves and polarization resistance techniques. Under investigated experimental conditions these compounds showed a good corrosion inhibition. The inhibition efficiency of BtSO₂CH₃ was more than that of Bt. The potentiodynamic polarization curves indicated that compounds are mixed type inhibitors. The inhibiting properties of compounds were found to depend on the concentration. The adsorption mechanism of compounds was investigated using different adsorption isotherms. The equilibrium constants and free energies of adsorption using the adsorption isotherms were calculated

Bilateral comparison on transmission coefficient measurements between TÜBİTAK UME and SASO NMCC

This paper describes a bilateral comparison between two national metrology institutes, National Metrology Institute of Turkey (TÜBİTAK UME) and National Measurement and Calibration Center at Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (SASO NMCC). The aim of the comparison is to check the newly installed SASO NMCC radio frequency and microwave laboratory infrastructure and assess compatibility between two institutes. Measured quantity of the comparison is transmission coefficient of fixed attenuators. The comparison was carried out in three months with 3 dB, 6 dB, 10 dB, 20 dB and 30 dB fixed attenuators. Measurements were performed using commercial Vector Network Analyzer in controlled environmental conditions. Two laboratories were used same measurement technique called as short, open, load and through. The analysis of the results provides good agreement between TÜBİTAK UME and SASO NMCC as a conclusion

Analysis of Vector-Network-Analyzer-Based Power Sensor Calibration Method Application

Radio Frequency (RF) power sensor calibration is one of the essential measurements in RF and microwave metrology. For a reliable and accurate power sensor calibration, there are various methods, such as the substitution method, the direct comparison transfer method (DCTM), and the vector network analyzer (VNA)-based calibration method (VBCM). The VBCM is a method that is derived from the DCTM. It is a preferred method since the VNA has a better measurement capability and has fewer connection requirements for measurement devices. In this study, the milestones and potential application errors of the VBCM are given by considering the connection mistakes, measurement faults, calculation errors, and control software coding problems. At the end of the power sensor calibration measurements with the VBCM, the model function components and the uncertainty calculation examples according to the GUM Bayesian method are also presented in this study. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the VBCM compared to the former methods are discussed in this study

Calibration factor comparison between TÜBİTAK UME and SASO NMCC

Bilateral comparison of calibration factor of microwave power sensor was carried out between National Metrology Institute of Turkey (TÜBİTAK UME) and National Measurement and Calibration Center at Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (SASO NMCC). In this comparison, TÜBİTAK UME was pilot laboratory and supplied the travelling standard with N type connector. Nine different frequency points at 0 dBm power level were determined for this comparison in prepared technical protocol. Each participant used their own measurement standards and applied the direct comparison transfer method at comparison. There is a good agreement between TÜBİTAK UME and SASO NMCC results