Keberkesanan penyampaian perkhidmatan Program 1 Murid 1 Sukan di Putrajaya berdasarkan persepsi pemegang taruh

Tujuan utama kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengenal pasti keberkesanan penyampaian perkhidmatan Dasar 1 Murid 1 Sukan. Terdapat kekurangan dari segi penyampaian program yang menyebabkan salah satu objektif dasar dalam memberikan keseimbangan antara keperluan akademik dengan keperluan fizikal tidak tercapai sepenuhnya. Kerangka teoretikal kajian ini adalah berasaskan teori pemegang taruh dan pendekatan multiple constituency. Reka bentuk kajian adalah gabungan kuantitatif dan kualitatif (mix method). Populasi kajian ini terdiri daripada pelbagai pemegang taruh yang terlibat dalam program 1 Murid 1 Sukan. Responden seramai 306 guru pelaksana yang terdiri daripada 11 buah Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Putrajaya dipilih menggunakan kaedah pensampelan rawak berstrata mengikut kadar (proportionate stratified sampling) untuk menjawab soal selidik keberkesanan penyampaian perkhidmatan Dasar 1 Murid 1 Sukan di Putrajaya yang diadaptasi daripada instrumen successful service delivery of Mass Sports (Shariff, 2012). Manakala temu bual dijalankan ke atas pengetua, pegawai sukan negeri dan pegawai sukan Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Pengekodan analisa temu bual secara manual dilaksanakan untuk mengenal pasti tema-tema bagi menjawab persoalan kajian dan analisis statistik termasuk statistik deskriptif, ujian t dan ujian ANOVA. Dapatan kajian kuantitatif menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan dalam tugasan utama yang menyumbang kepada keberkesanan penyampaian perkhidmatan program 1 Murid 1 Sukan bagi kumpulan guru lelaki (M=7.51, SP=1.959) dan kumpulan guru perempuan (M=7.03, SP=1.976; t (2.007) =304, p = .046 < 0.05). Bagi analisis ANOVA satu hala menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan min misi organisasi yang menyumbang kepada keberkesanan penyampaian perkhidmatan program 1 Murid 1 Sukan [F (7, 298) =2.898, p = .006 < 0.05] bagi kepelbagaian jawatan dalam kokurikulum. Seterusnya dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan antara min kepuasan guru pelaksana terhadap program 1 Murid 1 Sukan [F (3,305) = 2.762, p = 0.042 < 0.05] berdasarkan tempoh kumpulan perkhidmatan dalam organisasi. Berikutnya terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan antara kepuasan guru pelaksana terhadap prestasi penyampaian perkhidmatan 1 Murid 1 Sukan [F (3, 305) =2.790, p = 0.041 < 0.05] berdasarkan tempoh kumpulan pengalaman memegang jawatan dalam kokurikulum. Bagi kajian kualitatif, tema bagi persepsi pemegang taruh terhadap faktor penyumbang kepada keberkesanan penyampaian perkhidmatan 1 Murid 1 Sukan adalah komitmen yang baik, sokongan organisasi, sokongan kewangan yang baik, kepelbagaian program, kesedaran awam dan sokongan pelbagai agensi. Manakala tema bagi persepsi pemegang taruh terhadap keupayaan organisasi ialah penyebaran maklumat, memperkukuhkan keupayaan sumber manusia, mengukuhkan sokongan kewangan dan penyediaan lebih banyak kemudahan. Seterusnya, tema persepsi pemegang taruh terhadap kepuasan program 1 Murid 1 Sukan adalah penglibatan murid, penilaian program, kepimpinan, hubungan yang baik dan pengukuhan NGO sebagai penyedia sukan. Keberkesanan penyampaian perkhidmatan program 1 Murid 1 Sukan banyak bergantung kepada pencapaian matlamat yang telah ditentukan oleh bahagian sukan KPM dan memenuhi kepuasan pelbagai pemegang taruh seperti pegawai sukan, guru pelaksana, ibu bapa dan murid ke atas aktiviti yang telah dirancang. Pendekatan multiple constituency menganggap sesuatu program itu berjaya dilaksanakan apabila program tersebut telah dapat memenuhi kepentingan pemegang taruh seterusnya dapat mencapai matlamat yang telah disasarkan

Women in sport leadership positions in Malaysia: issues and challenges

Leadership is the process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing common set goals, and it can also be defined as the ability of an individual to establish direction for a working group of individuals who gain commitment from this group of members to this direction and who then motivate these members to achieve the direction’s outcomes. Leadership, however, requires neither gender qualifications nor someone with communal or agentic characteristics but one with instinct potential to fulfil responsibilities. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how women leaders perceive the underrepresentation of women in top sport leadership positions in Malaysia. Guided by an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach, data were collected through in-depth, face to face semi structured interviews, observations and document analysis involving seven women leaders in national sport organizations. The findings showed that women were underrepresented in top leadership positions and the subjects revealed perceived barriers which they believe impede women’s ascend in top leadership positions. These barriers include personal limitations which include self-limiting behaviors and work-life conflict among women; sociocultural factors consisting of traditional practices and society’s perceptions; and organizational factors consisting of all-men’s network, gender discrimination and conflict among women. It was concluded that the underrepresentation of women sport leaders is a vicious cycle where there is a chain of events in which the response to one difficulty creates a new problem that intensify and aggravate the original situation

Women in sport leadership positions in Malaysia: issues and challenges

Leadership is the process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing common set goals, and it can also be defined as the ability of an individual to establish direction for a working group of individuals who gain commitment from this group of members to this direction and who then motivate these members to achieve the direction’s outcomes. Leadership, however, requires neither gender qualifications nor someone with communal or agentic characteristics but one with instinct potential to fulfil responsibilities. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how women leaders perceive the underrepresentation of women in top sport leadership positions in Malaysia. Guided by an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach, data were collected through in-depth, face to face semi structured interviews, observations and document analysis involving seven women leaders in national sport organizations. The findings showed that women were underrepresented in top leadership positions and the subjects revealed perceived barriers which they believe impede women’s ascend in top leadership positions. These barriers include personal limitations which include self-limiting behaviors and work-life conflict among women; sociocultural factors consisting of traditional practices and society’s perceptions; and organizational factors consisting of all-men’s network, gender discrimination and conflict among women. It was concluded that the underrepresentation of women sport leaders is a vicious cycle where there is a chain of events in which the response to one difficulty creates a new problem that intensify and aggravate the original situation