Melanoma Epidemiology: Symptoms, Causes, and Preventions

Melanoma arises from melanocyte cells. Melanoma spreads faster than basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) if not diagnosed and treated early. Melanocyte tumors cause malignant melanoma. The preponderance of these cells is in the skin, gut, and eye. Melanoma is a rare kind of skin cancer, although it causes 75% of skin cancer deaths. Melanocytes create melanin, a dark pigment, in the skin. Despite years of lab and clinical research, early surgical removal of tiny cancers remains the most successful treatment. The deadliest skin cancer is melanoma. Skin melanocytes are involved. Melanocytes produce skin pigment melanin. Melanin protects skin against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Skin cancer is the most common form in the United States. When diagnosed early, skin cancer can be treated with topical medications, office therapies, or outpatient surgery. Dermatologists treat skin disorders and conditions. Skin cancer causes less than 1% of cancer fatalities. Detection and treatment of melanoma in its early stages are typically curable. Once melanoma spreads further into the skin or other organs, it becomes incurable and potentially lethal. Early detection of melanoma in the United States is anticipated to result in a 5-year survival rate of roughly 99%

Thermal conductivity prediction of pure liquids using multi-layer perception neural network

Widespread application of a neural network has been obvious in many fields of chemical engineering over the last years. The thermal conductivity of liquids has been predicted by using this kind of network and compared with experimental outcomes. Heat transfer of fluids is important in many industrial sectors, including energy supply, transportation, production, and electronics. To model the heat transfer process, thermal conductivity data are required. Using the Bayesian regularization method, the network parameters are adjusted with the aim of minimizing the sum of the squared errors and the sum of the squared weights. Changing the number of neurons in the hidden layers iteratively, the optimum performance for the network was obtained. Using the test dataset including 124 data points that were not previously used for the network training, the performance of the developed network with one hidden layer containing 15 neurons was evaluated.status: publishe