Potential Role of Bromelain in Wound Healing Application: A Review

Bromelain is a type of proteolytic enzymes that extracted from pineapple plant (Ananas comosus). Fruit and stem bromelain can be extracted from pineapple stem and fruit respectively. It can also being obtained from pineapple wastes such as core, crown and peel. Various extraction and purification method such as reverse micellar system, aqueous two-phase system, chromatographic techniques and membrane filtration had been employed to produce high quality bromelain. Bromelain had been clinically known since 1876 and introduced as therapeutic compound in 1957. Due to its safety and showed undesired side effects, bromelain has earned growing acceptance and compliance among patients as phytotherapeutical drug. Bromelain is regarded as one of the nutrient support for wound healing as it contains various closely related proteinases demonstrating anti-inflammatory, fibrinolytic and debridement effects

Potential Role of Bromelain in Wound Healing Application: A Review

Bromelain is a type of proteolytic enzymes that extracted from pineapple plant (Ananas comosus). Fruit and stem bromelain can be extracted from pineapple stem and fruit respectively. It can also being obtained from pineapple wastes such as core, crown and peel. Various extraction and purification method such as reverse micellar system, aqueous two-phase system, chromatographic techniques and membrane filtration had been employed to produce high quality bromelain. Bromelain had been clinically known since 1876 and introduced as therapeutic compound in 1957. Due to its safety and showed undesired side effects, bromelain has earned growing acceptance and compliance among patients as phytotherapeutical drug. Bromelain is regarded as one of the nutrient support for wound healing as it contains various closely related proteinases demonstrating anti-inflammatory, fibrinolytic and debridement effects

A review on medicinal properties of saffron toward major diseases

The stigma of Crocus sativus, known as saffron, is one of the most expensive spices in the world. The bioactive components in saffron, picrocrocin, crocin, and safranal, have demonstrated a wide range of uses and capabilities in the medical field. This review is focused on the potential therapeutic applications of saffron on diabetes mellitus (DM), antitumor, anticancer, anti-depressant, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), erectile dysfunction and antibacterial effects

Electrospinning, preparation and characterization of polyvinylidene fluoride / pectin electrospun loaded with benzalkonium chloride as a drug reservoirs

Porous nanofiber electrospun of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/pectin was successfully developed using electrospinning method containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC) as a drug model for the controlled drug delivery system assessment. The electrospun was tested for its mechanical, morphological, and wettability properties. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph demonstrated that the smooth surfaces of nanofibers morphology had achieved up to 2 wt% pectin inclusion with optimum fiber diameter, 143 ± 1.4 nm. The optimized scaffold PVDF/Pectin showed that the reduction of mechanical integrity and optimum value of tensile strength, modulus strength, and elongation at break were 5.98 ± 0.17 MPa, 16.82 ± 0.10 MPa, and 79.3 ± 1.3% MPa. Water contact angle analysis and degree of swelling suggested that inclusion of pectin had enhanced the wettability properties of hydrophobic PVDF electrospun with highest swelling capacity achieved of 78.9 ± 1.7%. The in vitro drug release tests using BAC, which was released from the hybrid electrospun nanofibers, achieved prolonged release profile due to elimination of the uncontrollable initial burst release. Kinetic release study from Higuchi Model and Korsmeyer-Peppas further validates that the drug release mechanism is only influenced by the diffusion factor. The present study indicates the potential of PVDF/pectin electrospun nanofibers to be exploited as a tool for sustainable drug delivery system

Study on morphological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/poly(lactic acid) wound dressing membrane as drug delivery carrier in wound healing treatment

Wound dressing have experienced continuous improvement and changes since ancient time. Electrospinning of polymeric nanofibers have captured the interest of researchers due to its simplicity and cost effective technique that able to produce wound dressing membrane that meet the requirement as ideal wound dressing and drug delivery carrier. In this work, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly (lactic acid) (PLA) were chosen polymer to produce wound dressing membrane through electrospinning and coating method. PVA was electrospun and then coated with PLA. Preliminary study had been conducted between 1, 4 and 8% concentration for the selection of optimum PLA coating concentration. PLA has been proposed for the use of coating materials at 4%, the coated nanofiber membrane started to exhibit high Ultimate Tensile Strength at 1022.5 ± 9.28 MPa, highest degree of swelling (1850 ± 3.7 %) and optimum water contact angle (60.9 ± 11.46 ̊). The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological properties of PVA/PLA wound dressing membrane. Based on the results from Atomic Force Microscope, PVA nanofiber coated with 4% PLA exhibit the highest value of Rq which is 0.47 ± 0.19 μm compared to neat PVA nanofibers membrane. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) image revealed that PVA nanofiber coated with 4% PLA shows porous fiber-like morphology and well incorporated with each other without any gap formed between them. This report clearly suggestive of the fact that synthetic biodegradable polymers such as PLA can be exploited for the synergistic combination with PVA nanofiber for wound dressing application

Development of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan Hydrogel Loaded with Fertilizer Compound: Preparation, Properties and Effect on Seed Germination

This work reports the reinforcement of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel with chitosan as potential superabsorbent (SAP) fertilizer. The PVA/Chitosan hydrogel was prepared using superficial freeze thawing method. Mechanical properties and swelling ratio of the SAP hydrogels were optimum at 6 wt% of chitosan loading. Morphological analysis of the PVA/Chitosan hydrogel revealed excellent crystal like structure distribution and smooth of the surface due to good compatibility between the materials. The water retention of soil containing PVA/Chitosan hydrogel was also examined. It was found that the SAP hydrogel increased the water retention soil and sand at capacity 48.21 and 48.24 % respectively after 15 days.  The influence of the SAP hydrogel on seed germination was observed using Okra seeds. The seeding has higher germination energy when the PVA/Chitosan hydrogel incorporated with the soil compared with soil without aid of SAP hydrogel. This is a good indication of the prepared SAP hydrogel for controlled release fertilizer

Study on Morphological Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Poly(lactic acid) Wound Dressing Membrane as Drug Delivery Carrier in Wound Healing Treatment

Wound dressing have experienced continuous improvement and changes since ancient time. Electrospinning of polymeric nanofibers have captured the interest of researchers due to its simplicity and cost effective technique that able to produce wound dressing membrane that meet the requirement as ideal wound dressing and drug delivery carrier. In this work, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly (lactic acid) (PLA) were chosen polymer to produce wound dressing membrane through electrospinning and coating method. PVA was electrospun and then coated with PLA. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological properties of PVA/PLA wound dressing membrane. Based on the results from Atomic Force Microscope, PVA nanofiber coated with 4% PLA exhibit the highest value of Rq which is 0.47 ± 0.19 μm compared to neat PVA nanofibers membrane. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) image revealed that PVA nanofiber coated with 4% PLA shows porous fiber-like morphology and well incorporated with each other without any gap formed between them. This report clearly suggestive of the fact that synthetic biodegradable polymers such as PLA can be exploited for the synergistic combination with PVA nanofiber for wound dressing application

SURFACE ENTRAPMENT OF COLLAGEN ON SINGLE LAYER POLYLACTIC ACID FILM CONTAINING SUSTAINABLE DRUG DELIVERY PROPERTIES FOR CORNEAL TISSUE ENGINEERING APPLICATION

Tissue engineering is a promising tool in repairing and treating corneal disease by developing new functionalized biological constructs using tissue scaffold. In this study, the inert surface of the polylactic acid (PLA) film was modified by using surface adsorption of collagen at different concentrations. The films were characterized for their tensile, swelling, water contact angle, in-vitro degradation, and light transmittance. Based on the mechanical and physical evaluations, the film was suggested to be optimum at 5wt% of collagen entrapment on the neat PLA film. Topographic analysis of the modified PLA film revealed that the inclusion of collagen induced a rougher surface, which is suitable for drug loading, biomolecule entrapment, and cell attachment. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirmed the attachment of the collagen molecule at the PLA backbone by the presence of amino group's spectra. Additionally, drug release studies showed that the PLA/5%Col film has a controllable release profile and followed Fickian's diffusion kinetics release. In-vitro cytotoxicity studied using MTT assay revealed good biocompatibility of the human fibroblast cell (HSF1189), resulting in 93±0.13% cell viability after 48 hours of incubation. This new modified corneal film material could reduce the dependency on the corneal donor for corneal transplants in the future

A Brief Review on Prospective of Polyvinylidene Fluoride as a Tissue Engineered Scaffold Material

: This review focuses on the potential of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as tissue scaffolding materials. PVDF is defined in terms of the synthesis mechanisms and the method of the β phase formation process. General properties are fundamentally discussed in terms of their wettability and electroactive characteristics, which play an important role in the modification of other potential materials for tissue-based applications. The latest technologies for the replacement of artificial tissue scaffolds are evaluated and the applications of PVDF-based scaffolds are discussed

Preparation of the electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride / polyvinyl alcohol scaffold as a potential tissue replacement

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a piezoelectric material, is commonly used in tissue engineering due to its potential for mimicking the electrical microenvironment of biological conditions for tissue development. In this present research, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was introduced into electrospun PVDF fabrication through an electrospinning process, aiming to enhance the nanofibrous membrane's biocompatibility properties by improving the hydrophilicity properties to act as an artificial tissue scaffold. The electrospun PVDF/PVA membranes are found to be optimum at a PVDF-to-PVA ratio of 90:10 due to its excellent mechanical, morphological, and hydrophilicity conductivity properties. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy verified strong hydrogen bonding interaction formed between the fluorine group of PVDF with oxygen-containing in the hydroxyl group of PVA. In-vitro cell culture showed that the enhanced hydrophilic property of electrospun PVDF/PVA could significantly enhance the cell growth. These positive results indicated that the scaffold could be implemented as artificial tissue material for tissue engineering applications