Onion gene expression in response to ethylene and 1-MCP

Onion is regarded as a non-climacteric vegetable. In onions, however, ethylene can suppress sprouting while the ethylene binding inhibitor, 1-MCP (1- methylcyclopropene) can also suppress sprout growth yet, it is unknown how ethylene and 1-MCP elicit the same response. In this study, onions were treated with 10 μL L-1 ethylene or 1 μL L-1 1-MCP individually or in combination for 24 h at 20°C before or after curing (six weeks) at 20 or 28°C then stored at 1°C. Following curing, a subset of these same onions was stored separately under continuous air or ethylene (10 μL L- 1) at 1°C Onions treated with ethylene and 1-MCP in combination after curing for 24 h had reduced sprout growth as compared with the control 25 weeks after harvest. Sprout growth following storage beyond 25 weeks was only reduced through continuous ethylene treatment. This observation was supported by a higher proportion of down-regulated genes characterised as being involved in photosynthesis measured using a newly developed onion microarray. Physiological and biochemical data suggested that ethylene was being perceived in the presence of 1-MCP since sprout growth was reduced in onions treated with 1-MCP and ethylene applied in combination but not when applied individually. A cluster of probes representing transcripts up-regulated by 1-MCP alone but down-regulated by ethylene alone or in the presence of 1-MCP support this suggestion. Ethylene and 1-MCP both down52 regulated a probe tentatively annotated as an ethylene receptor as well as EIN3, suggesting that both treatments down-regulate the perception and signalling events of ethylene

Genomic clustering and co-regulation of transcriptional networks in the pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum.

RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are.BACKGROUND: Genes for the production of a broad range of fungal secondary metabolites are frequently colinear. The prevalence of such gene clusters was systematically examined across the genome of the cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. The topological structure of transcriptional networks was also examined to investigate control mechanisms for mycotoxin biosynthesis and other processes. RESULTS: The genes associated with transcriptional processes were identified, and the genomic location of transcription-associated proteins (TAPs) analyzed in conjunction with the locations of genes exhibiting similar expression patterns. Highly conserved TAPs reside in regions of chromosomes with very low or no recombination, contrasting with putative regulator genes. Co-expression group profiles were used to define positionally clustered genes and a number of members of these clusters encode proteins participating in secondary metabolism. Gene expression profiles suggest there is an abundance of condition-specific transcriptional regulation. Analysis of the promoter regions of co-expressed genes showed enrichment for conserved DNA-sequence motifs. Potential global transcription factors recognising these motifs contain distinct sets of DNA-binding domains (DBDs) from those present in local regulators. CONCLUSIONS: Proteins associated with basal transcriptional functions are encoded by genes enriched in regions of the genome with low recombination. Systematic searches revealed dispersed and compact clusters of co-expressed genes, often containing a transcription factor, and typically containing genes involved in biosynthetic pathways. Transcriptional networks exhibit a layered structure in which the position in the hierarchy of a regulator is closely linked to the DBD structural class

A non-intrusive reduced order data assimilation method applied to the monitoring of urban flows

CSMA2019 - 14ème Colloque National en Calcul des Structures, Presqu'île de Giens , FRANCE, 13-/05/2019 - 17/05/2019National audienceIn this work we investigate a variational data assimilation method to rapidly estimate urban pollutant concentration around an area of interest using measurement data and CFD based models in a non-intrusive and computationally efficient manner. In case studies presented here, we used a sample of solutions from a dispersion model with varying meteorological conditions and pollution emissions to build a Reduced Basis approximation space and combine it with concentration observations. The method allows to correct for unmodeled physics, while significantly reducing online computational time

Evaluation of Smell and miRNA Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)

Abstract and poster under embargo until May 31, 2019

Hermeneutic phenomenological research on how nurse educators make meaning of compassion and understand its role in their professional practice

Background: In the United Kingdom (UK), whilst nurse educators are responsible for developing compassion through providing high quality education, there is limited literature exploring how their lived experience of compassion is interpreted in nurse education. Objectives: To explore how nurse educators make meaning of compassion through their lived experiences in the UK. Design: Hermeneutic phenomenology. Setting: A UK school of nursing. Participants: Purposeful sampling was used to recruit twelve nurse educators. Method: Semi-structured interviews were used to explore participant experiences of compassion. Data analysis involved crafting stories and was interpreted by applying Heideggerian and Gadamerian philosophical notions to surface meanings of everyday experiences. Findings: The phenomenological themes identified nurse educators interpreted compassion through Being-with is Care; settling their colliding worlds of nursing practice and nurse education, and balancing Kairos or ‘felt’ time with negotiated time for compassion in nurse education. Conclusion: This research demonstrates that nurse educators share genuine concern for Being-with others that is interpreted as compassion. However, the emotional aspect of compassion is avoided in their professional practice as a means of protecting students and their own feelings of vulnerability. There are colliding views in understanding compassion. Emotional intelligence is identified as necessary to grasp ‘felt’ moments or negotiate a time to Be-with that is interpreted as compassion. Training and support is necessary for nurse educators to understand and develop compassion in their professional practices