Uso agrícola potencial de un subproducto (alperujo) de las industrias del aceite de oliva compostado con suelo

Context: Olive cake and olive mill wastewater are by-products of olive oil industries. Olive cake is not currently being exploited.Aims: To evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced in Allium cepa root meristems by olive cake in various preparations (aqueous dilutions of olive cake and mixtures of olive cake with soil before and after a composting process).Methods: Olive cake aqueous dilutions as well as fresh and composted olive cake - soil mixtures were obtained. Samples were assayed on Allium cepa L roots and the phenolic content was also determined.Results: Aqueous dilutions showed acute genotoxicity with a mitotic index dramatic reduction and a high number of cell abnormalities. Olive cake induced chromosome aberrations such as bridges, stickiness, and laggard chromosomes and cell aberrations such as strap, folded, giant and binucleated cells. Anomalies increase with polyphenol concentration, both in aqueous dilutions and in mixtures of olive cake ? soil without composting. Composted mixtures did not exhibit cell toxicity up to 10% of olive cake although they can decrease the mitotic index, which would produce a reduction in plant growth.Conclusions: Results indicate the varied behavior of olive cake according to sample preparation and suggest the possible use of this by-product incorporated to soils and subjected to composting.Contexto: El alperujo es un subproducto de las industrias del aceite de oliva, el cual, actualmente, no está siendo explotado. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la citotoxicidad y genotoxicidad inducida en meristemas de raíces de Allium cepa por alperujo en diferentes preparados (diluciones acuosas de alperujo y mezclas de alperujo con suelo, antes y después de un proceso de compostado). Métodos: Se prepararon diluciones acuosas de alperujo así como mezclas frescas y compostadas de alperujo-suelo. Las muestras fueron analizadas sobre raíces de Allium cepa L. y se determinó, además, el contenido de compuestos fenólicos. Resultados: Las diluciones acuosas mostraron genotoxicidad aguda con una reducción drástica del índice mitótico y un alto número de anomalías celulares. El alperujo indujo aberraciones cromosómicas, tales como puentes, pegajosidad y cromosomas rezagados y aberraciones celulares como células alargadas, plegadas, gigantes y binucleadas. Las anomalías aumentaron con la concentración de polifenoles tanto en diluciones acuosas como en mezclas de alperujo-suelo sin compostaje. Las mezclas compostadas no mostraron toxicidad celular hasta el 10% de la torta de oliva, aunque disminuyeron el índice mitótico, lo cual produciría una disminución en el crecimiento de plantas. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican el diferente comportamiento del alperujo según la preparación de las muestras e indican el posible uso de este subproducto incorporado a suelos y sometido a compostajeFil: Hammann, Ariadna. Universidad Nacional de Catamarca; ArgentinaFil: Ybañez, Lorena Marisa. Universidad Nacional de Catamarca; ArgentinaFil: Isla, Maria Ines. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Hilal, Mirna Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Catamarca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Lemon maturation causes anatomical and biochemical changes at the flavedo tissue level

Plants mobilize the photosynthates by three transport pathways: apoplastic, symplastic through plasmodesmata (PD), and transcellular. In flavedo of postharvest mature lemons, a high activity of cell wall-bound invertase (WI), an enzyme associated with transcellular transport of monosaccharides, has been detected. In order to elucidate whether this high enzymatic activity is related to restricted transport in the symplastic pathway with fruit maturation, the aim of the present work was to compare anatomical and biochemical parameters in peel tissues of immature and mature lemons. Anatomical structure focusing on cell walls, callose deposition, WI activity, and sucrose content were analyzed in peel tissues of immature and mature lemons. The parenchyma of flavedo tissue of immature lemons presented an elevated number of primary pit fields (PPF). These PPF, associated to PD or cell wall interruptions, had the appearance of a string of beads. However, in mature lemons, the number of PPF was scarce due to callose deposition. WI activity and apoplastic sucrose content increased significantly in flavedo of mature lemons in comparison to immature lemons. Present findings lay structural and functional bases relevant to understand differences between immature and mature lemons, which would help to design agricultural practices in pre- and post-harvest management.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Lemon maturation causes anatomical and biochemical changes at the flavedo tissue level

Plants mobilize photosynthates by three transport pathways: apoplastic, symplastic through plasmodesmata (PD), and transcellular. In the flavedo of post-harvest mature lemons, a high level of activity of cell wall-bound invertase (WI), an enzyme associated with transcellular transport of monosaccharides, has been detected. To elucidate whether this high enzymatic activity is related to restricted transport in the symplastic pathway with fruit maturation, the aim of the present work was to compare anatomical and biochemical parameters in peel tissues of immature and mature lemons. Anatomical structure of cell walls, callose deposition, WI activity, and sucrose content were analyzed in peel tissues of immature and mature lemons. The parenchyma of the flavedo tissue of immature lemons presented an elevated number of primary pit fields (PPF). These PPF, associated with PD or cell wall interruptions, had the appearance of a string of beads; however, in mature lemons, the number of PPF was scarce due to callose deposition. WI activity and apoplastic sucrose content increased significantly in the flavedo of mature lemons compared to immature lemons. The present findings lay structural and functional bases relevant to understanding differences between immature and mature lemons, which would help to design agricultural practices in pre-and post-harvest management.Fil: Albornoz, Patricia Liliana. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Departamento de Biología. Cátedra de Anatomía Vegetal; Argentina. Instituto de Morfologia Vegetal ; Direccion de Botanica ; Fundacion Miguel Lillo;Fil: Interdonato, Osvaldo Roque. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Hammann, Ariadna. Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Rosa, Mariana Daniela. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Prado, Fernando Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Rapisarda, Viviana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Hilal, Mirna Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentin