Ransomware - A Strategic Threat to Organizations

Ransomware is a strategic threat to government, business, and academic organizations. It has both short term and long term consequences, requiring strategic planning to create defenses, assess options, and create policies. The purpose of the study is to answer three questions: What is the strategic risk of cyberattack to organizations? What are the current attitudes and practices of executives who are vulnerable to such threats? What are specific options that organizations should consider to prevent and deal with possible incidents in the future? The article is thus comprised of the following components: A) a history of the development and complexity of ransomware; B) a survey of IT professionals in government, business and education; and C) recommended strategic options for organizations to defend against cyber threats. We conducted a survey of ninety-two cybersecurity professionals in government, education, and business. Attitudinal divergence occurred in the areas of cyber-defense, perpetrator negotiations, ransom payment, and involvement of law enforcement. The authors recommend thirteen specific solutions to assist organizations when dealing with ransomware

Impact of Optimized Breastfeeding on the Costs of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Extremely Low Birthweight Infants

To estimate risk of NEC for ELBW infants as a function of preterm formula and maternal milk (MM) intake and calculate the impact of suboptimal feeding on NEC incidence and costs

Expressive Wähler bei der Bundestagswahl 2013

Die Theorie des expressiven Wählens hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren zwar als intellektuell anregend, empirisch aber wenig ertragreich erwiesen. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt unser Beitrag ein Instrument direkter Messung expressiver Motivation vor, das bei der Bundestagswahl 2013 angewandt wurde. Das Hauptziel dieses Beitrags besteht in der Validierung dieses Instruments. Unsere Analysen zeigen, dass sich expressive Motivation sinnvoll von anderen Motivationen trennen lässt. Gleichzeitig finden wir systematische interindividuelle Unterschiede im Ausmaß expressiver Motivation. Schließlich zeigt sich auch eine Reihe von erwarteten Auswirkungen expressiver Motivation sowohl auf die persönliche Kommunikation der Bürger im Wahlkampf als auch auf die Art ihrer Entscheidungsfindung bei der Bundestagswahl 2013