International Travel for LGBTQ+ Staff in Higher Education

The growing focus on internationalisation across UK Higher Education creates additional challenges for LGBTQ+ Staff owing to the complex and uneven legal and social framework for LGBTQ+ people worldwide. In this report, we detail how these issues are currently being addressed across the sector, highlight instances of best practice, and outline the need for further work and research in this area

An investigation of a problem solving situation as a paradigm of the double bind

The present thesis reports on the results of an experiment designed to measure certain aspects of the double bind hypothesis, which was developed by the Bateson group in 1956 to account for the aetiology of schizophrenia. Two ingredients of the total double bind situation were studied, firstly, conflict between levels of communication and the importance of a command keeping the victim of the double bind in the field. These two conditions were seen as important distinguishing points between double bind frustration and the ordinary type of frustration. The experimenter tested 80 normal subjects in a problem solving situation similar to one used by Maier (1949) in his experiments with rats. In the experiment, subjects were given a number of problems to solve and some were frustrated in the middle of the experiment. The general hypothesis was that double bind subjects would show greater performance deterioration after frustration than subjects who experienced the ordinary frustration situation (i.e. contradiction subjects). Performance deterioration was measured in terms of response latencies, number of correct answer, and the number of “fixated”- responses. The result offered limited support for the hypothesis. In general, double bind subjects and contradiction subjects performed equally badly on the problem, but both did worse than the continually rewarded control group. Only in two measures did the double bind subjects differ significantly from the frustrated subjects. These differences were that the former made more “fixated” responses than contradiction subjects (fixations were used as a measure of the abnormality of a subject’s response.) and also they pressed an escape button more often than frustrated subjects. Data obtained from questionnaires indicated that double bind subjects became more puzzled and angry during the experiment than frustrated subjects, but these results were of a qualitative nature and no statistical analysis was carried out. An unexpected significant result demonstrated the importance of the feedback of information in the problem solving situation, suggesting some modification to the present experiment. As most of the results were insignificant, the experimenter rejected the hypotheses concerning differences between double bind and frustration subjects in the efficiency of problem solving. Results did indicate a trend in predicted direction and the experimenter concluded that with some refinements to the present experiment, important differences between double bind and frustration subjects could exist, thus disagreeing with an earlier conclusion reached by Ringuette and Kennedy (1966) about the testability of the double bind hypothesis

Same-sex marriage, globalisation, the response of paneuropean courts and international impact

This collection of work totalling over 85,000 words published over the period 2013 – 2018 addresses two separate but closely inter-related questions. ‘(1) What role can the European Court of Human Rights (‘ECtHR’) and the European Union (‘EU’) play in claims for the recognition of same-sex marriage? (2) What further impact do pan-European courts’ approaches to same-sex marriage cases have internationally?’ The publications have been produced at a time of rapid social and legal change worldwide concerning the recognition of same-sex relationships. When this work was begun in 2012 only six countries in Europe recognised same-sex marriage. At the time of writing (October 2019) this has increased to 16 countries. However, many jurisdictions within Europe continue to refuse to recognise same-sex marriage. The last couple of years has seen leading judgments from the ECtHR, the European Court of Justice (CJEU) and the Inter-American court. As yet the ECtHR does not require contracting states to legalise same-sex marriage. In an era of Brexit, together with discussions by certain political factions regarding leaving the Council of Europe, there are increasing difficulties for pan-European organisations to act. This is particularly the case in relation to the topic of same-sex marriage, which often incites social, moral and religious controversy. The pieces in this work document the challenges raised by same-sex marriage claimants, the judicial and legal responses and the reforms that have or may still take place. Unlike many prominent works in this area which are highly influenced 3 by feminist or queer theories, this PhD focuses on doctrinal and comparative law methodology. These works make a novel and significant contribution to the prior knowledge base in a number of ways. (1) Originality is demonstrated by novel critiques of the Margin of Appreciation (‘MoA’) doctrine and by evaluating the strength of different legal arguments for proponents of samesex marriage before the ECtHR. The detailed critical analysis in the publications highlights the importance of interpreting the non-discrimination rights (article 14 ECHR) together with a dynamic approach to the right to marriage (article 12) and further development of the family law aspect to article 8 ECHR. (2) Lack of consensus between contracting states is cited by the ECtHR as a reason for not requiring legalisation of same-sex marriage. A novel critique is set out concerning the lack of certainty over how consensus should be quantified or measured. (3) Other publications demonstrate originality by predicting the potential for EU involvement for same-sex couples, in relation to both expansion of free movement protections for non-EU national same-sex spouses and in the area of private international law. (4) A new choice of law theory is recommended for use in essential validity cases concerning same-sex couples. (5) Originality can also be seen by the published work providing an immediate and fresh insight into the possible impact of Brexit on same-sex couples. (6) The final section utilises comparative law methodology to recommend the use of the incrementalist theory in a strategic manner. The central conclusion reached, is that proponents of same-sex marriage should take 4 a new more holistic approach, taking into account all relevant factors. This should include consideration of the role of the ECtHR in advancing human rights and the ever expanding role of the EU and international comparative law to set out incremental steps for proponents of same-sex marriage

Comparison of the attitudes and activities of homemakers living in duplex and high rise types of government housing projects in McMinnville, Tennessee

This study was concerned with problems of the aged homemakers living in two government housing projects in McMinnville, Tennessee. Data were collected from a majority of homemakers in each of the project apartments (i.e., called the Hi-Rise and the Rebel Hill Apartments). A total of 71 homemakers were interviewed by the Home Demonstration Club members living within each project. The projects differed in that the Rebel Hill Apartments were duplexes and the Hi-Rise Apartments were located in a five story apartment complex. The purpose of the study was to compare the homemakers in each apartment complex as to their personal character-istics, health, previous housing, friends and neighbors, present housing likes and dislikes, leisure time, leisure time activities and program participation, and the opinions of the interviewers concerning the homemakers attitudes toward their present housing and health. Seven independent variables were identified and used as a basis for comparing the homemakers. Contigency tables were used to show the relation between the dependent and independent variables. Chi Square statistical analysis was made to show the significance level of relations identified. Chi Square values which achieved the .05 level were accepted as statistically significant. Computations were done by the University of Tennessee Computing Center. Major findings of the study were: 1. Homemakers in the Rebel Hill project had lived in their apartments significantly longer than those in the Hi-Rise Apartments. 2. Homemakers in the Rebel Hill project were significantly older than those in the Hi-Rise Apartments. 3. Almost all of the homemakers in both types of apartments had some health problems. 4. A majority of homemakers in both types of apartments stated that health did affect their daily living. 5. The Hi-Rise homemakers had no problems with operating or riding the elevators in their building. 6. The Hi-Rise homemakers had significantly more problems with equipment than did those in the Rebel Hill Apartments. 7. The Hi-Rise homemakers were more dissatisfied with restrictions than were the Rebel Hill homemakers. 8. The Hi-Rise homemakers had more friends outside of their project than the Rebel Hill homemakers. 9. Homemakers in the Rebel Hill Apartments had more friends in other apartments than did the Hi-Rise homemakers. 10. A higher percentage of the Rebel Hill than of the Hi-Rise homemakers preferred living with neighbors their own age. 11. A higher percentage of the Hi-Rise than of the Rebel Hill homemakers disliked having close neighbors. 12. A higher percentage of the Rebel Hill than of the Hi-Rise homemakers liked to visit and entertain friends in their leisure time. 13. Homemakers from both projects felt that their apartment was convenient to live in. 14. The Hi-Rise homemakers felt less secure in their apartments than did those in Rebel Hill. 15. A higher percentage of the homemakers in the Hi- Rise than in Rebel Hill Apartments disliked having people around them in their apartments. 16. A significantly larger percentage of the Rebel Hill than of the Hi-Rise homemakers felt they did have enough to do. 17. A higher percentage of the homemakers in the Rebel Hill than in the Hi-Rise Apartments liked their pleasant surroundings. 18. The Rebel Hill homemakers felt they had better ventilation in their apartments than did the Hi- Rise homemakers. 19. Homemakers in the Hi-Rise Apartments had more observation portholes in their apartments than the Rebel Hill homemakers. 20. Homemakers from both types of apartments agreed that this type of housing was a good solution to the problem of housing for the aged. Regarding general attitudes toward living in the apartments, interviewers felt both groups had good to excellent attitudes. Implications and recommendations also were made

Research-informed thinking: the contribution of a Master’s module in the postgraduate initial teacher education programme

This thesis asks: ‘What is the contribution of a Master’s module that requires reading, reflection and a written 5000-word essay to a primary postgraduate initial teacher education programme, the PGCE?’ It examines this question from the perspectives of PGCE student teachers, alumni in their first year of teaching, and lecturers. How does it help them to consider and use research evidence in their practice? As an experienced primary teacher who has worked on the Primary PGCE for 13 years, I was interested in what difference the study at Master’s level is making. Literature suggests that the research engagement that Master’s study necessitates benefits the development of effective primary teachers. Data for this thesis were gathered using mixed methods: questionnaires, focus groups and semi-structured interviews in the context of one particular Master’s module within a university-led Primary PGCE. It draws on enactivist theories about cognition and knowledge. Findings were interesting and not conclusive. Many student teachers did not see the Master’s level qualification as offering status, or to be necessary in any way for the profession as a whole. They did, however, value its contribution to their initial teacher education. There was a realisation that part of being an effective teacher is to be able to draw on and use the differences found between practice encountered at school, the theory and pedagogies explored at university, and the beliefs that have come to be held about teaching that are rooted in personal experience. The potential cognitive dissonance was proposed as a resource that could be embraced, to enable new teachers to feel confident to use autonomy in their classroom practice

Evaluation of Apparent Life-Threatening Events in Infants

A comprehensive, detailed history and physical examination with pulse oximetry and nondilated funduscopy (to look for traumatic retinal hemorrhage) helps to determine the underlying etiology of an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) in 70 percent of infants. (Strength of Recommendation [SOR]: C, based on case series). Initial diagnostic evaluation should include 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG); blood gas analysis; chest radiography; complete blood count (CBC); pertussis and respiratory syncytial virus cultures, if respiratory symptoms are present; serum electrolytes; and urinalysis. (SOR: C, expert opinion and case series)

NH v Lenford: one further step in the continuing evolution of sexual orientation non-discrimination rights before the European Union

The facts of NH v Lenford concerned statements made by a senior lawyer in a radio interview, which suggested that he would never hire a gay person to work in his law firm, nor wish to use the services of such a person. The Court of Justice of the European Union (‘CJEU’) determined that this contravened relevant legislation prohibiting discrimination in employment, even though the statements were made without a recruitment procedure being underway. The CJEU and the Italian Court of Cassation when implementing the CJEU judgment both found that the person making such statements was influential on the firm’s recruitment policy and that compensation was payable to the applicants – the Associazione Avvocatura per i diritti LGBTI (the ‘Associazione’), a non-profit 1ecognizes1n representing the general interest of LGBT lawyers – even in the absence of an individual victim. Contrary to the suggestion of other authors, that sexual orientation discrimination is low down the hierarchy of protected characteristics before the EU legislation and CJEU, this article argues that NH v Lenford demonstrates a further step in the continuing evolution of LGBT non-discrimination rights before the European Union. Following Brexit whilst existing EU laws already translated into the UK legislative cannon will be retained, further EU legislation and rulings from the CJEU will not apply to the UK. The Trade and Cooperation Agreement (‘TCA’) reached between the UK and EU includes protection of human rights, a ‘non-regression’ and re-balancing clauses with regards to labour and social policy, and thus, enables the EU and UK continuing, albeit limited, influence on each other

Conclusions

This book has involved a series of interlocking themes, including the role of the ECtHR and the EU in relation to the treatment of same-sex couples' relationships (part 1) differing paths towards legalisation of same-sex marriage (part 2),rainbow families (part 3), the importance of civil partnership in an era of same-sex marriage (part 4), the heteronormative underpinnings of same-sex marriage (part 5) and the interaction between social change and legal change (part 6)

What are appropriate screening tests for infants and children?

There is adequate evidence for screening neonates for hemoglobinopathies, congenital hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A), and cystic fibrosis (SOR: B). Vision screening should be done for those younger than age 5 years (SOR: B). High-risk children should be tested for tuberculosis (TB) (SOR: B) and lead toxicity (SOR: B). Few data exist to guide frequency and timing of these screening tests, so the following timing recommendations are based on consensus opinion (SOR: C): test for visual acuity yearly starting at age 3 years; test for TB and lead once between the ages of 9 and 12 months, and repeat for high risk or exposure