Frequency Distribution of Female Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Referred to University Hospitals and a Private Urology Clinic

Sexual Dysfunction [SD] is a common health problem among women that causes anxiety, interpersonal problems and a low quality of life. On the other hand, lower urinary tract symptoms [LUTS] are common among women, in particular in women suffering from FSD [female sexual dysfunction] although the relation between the two conditions is still unclear. Available data on the effect of LUTS on FSD are limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of FSD in women with LUTS who referred to university hospitals [Razi and AL Zahra] and a private urology clinic in Rasht, Iran. In a cross-sectional study, 123 eligible patients suffering from LUTS entered the study. Validated Persian versions of the FSFI [Female sexual function index] and the Bristol questionnaires [BFLUTS] used to assess the participants and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. The mean age of women participating in this study was 40.64±6.18 years. FSD was diagnosed in 54.5% of the patients; 78.9% of these patients with FSD reported dysfunction in sexual desire, 78% reported sexual arousal disorder, 54.5% had lubrication disorders, 46.3% complained of orgasmic deficiency, 44.7% had sexual pain disorder and 37.4% had satisfaction voiding disorder. Based on the results, sexual dysfunction was common among women suffering from LUTS and sexual desire was the most frequently affected among FSD domains. In addition, our findings indicated that, contrary to common belief, issues such as the level of education have no significant effect on the frequency of FSD in women, but compared to women with normal sexual function, subjects with FSD were significantly older [P=0.0001]

Fertility Rate and Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index following Varicocelectomy in Primary Infertile Men with Clinical Varicocele: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

Background: Varicocele is one of the most common treatable causes of male infertility, and its treatment may bebeneficial for fertility. This study aimed to evaluate fertility rate and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) following varicocelectomyin primary infertile men with clinical varicocele.Materials and Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was conducted on primary infertility men, in a tertiarycenter from December 2018 to December 2019 with one-year follow-up. Data of the semen parameters, DFI (%), andfertility rate were gathered before, as well as 4 and 12 months after undergoing varicocelectomy. For data analysis,SPSS software and analytical test were used.Results: Out of 76 patients who were analyzed, 22 (29%) became fertile and 54 (71%) remained infertile. Semenparameters and DFI (%) were improved significantly following varicocelectomy (P<0.001). Smoking history, occupationalheated exposure, body mass index (BMI), and infertility duration were determined as predictors associatedwith fertility status (P<0.05).Conclusion: Although varicocele repair improved the DFI, the fertility rate was achieved in less than one-third ofpatients; it seems that the other parameters, such as the history of smoking, occupational heated exposure, overweight,and duration of infertility should be considered as predictors of fertility status, in primary infertile men who are a candidatefor varicocelectomy

Comparing the Coronal Flaring Efficacy of Five Different Instruments Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Introduction: Fearless removal of tooth structure during canal preparation and shaping has negative effects on the prognosis of treatment. On the other hand, sufficient pre-enlargement facilitates exact measurement of the apical size. The present in vitro study aimed to compare the efficacy of Gates-Glidden drills, K3, ProTaper, FlexMaster and RaCe instruments in dentin removal during coronal flaring using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods and Materials: A total of 40 mandibular molars were selected and the coronal areas of their mesiobuccal and mesiolingual root canals were randomly prepared with either mentioned instruments. Pre- and post-instrumentation CBCT images were taken and the thickness of canal walls was measured in 1.5- and 3-mm distances from the furcation area. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA. Tukey’s post hoc tests were used for two-by-two comparisons. Results: At 1.5-mm distance, there was no significant difference between different instruments. However, at 3-mm distances, Gates-Glidden drills removed significantly more dentin compared to FlexMaster files (mean=0.18 mm) (P&lt;0.02); however, two-by-two comparisons did not reveal any significant differences between the other groups. Conclusion: All tested instruments can be effectively used in clinical settings for coronal pre-enlargement.Keywords: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Coronal Flaring; Coronal Pre-Enlargement; Root Canal Treatment; Root Canal Preparatio

Association of Mdr1 Gene C1236t Polymorphism with Idiopathic Males’ Infertility in Guilan Population

Introduction: Infertility is defined as the inability of the couples to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of unprotected intercourse. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) also known as multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) is an important protein of the cell membrane that pumps many foreign substances out of cells and has a protective role in sensitive tissues such as testis. MDR1 gene is located on q21.1 of chromosome 7. Hence, this study aimed to assess the association of MDR1 polymorphism and idiopathic male infertility. Methods: In this study (case- control), DNA was extracted from blood leukocytes of 136 male patients with idiopathic infertility as well as 130 healthy men. Genotypes were determined by using PCR-RFLP technique and EcoO109I enzyme. Results: The genotypes frequencies of CC, CT and TT in patient group were 19.12%, 39.70% and 41.18%, respectively, and the genotype frequencies of CC, CT and TT in control group were 12.30%, 61.54% and 26.16%, respectively. Conclusion: The study findings revealed that a significant association was found between MDR1 polymorphism and idiopathic infertility (P= 0.001). Therefore, the results suggest that CT heterozygous genotype has a protective effect on male fertility (P= 0.01, OR= 0.41; 95%CI: 0.23- 0.84). However, to achieve more accurate results, it is necessary to examine a larger target population

Sildenafil citrate effects on seminal parameters in male participants with idiopathic infertility; A randomized, double-blind, controlled cross-over clinical trial study

Purpose: Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase Type 5 inhibitor, which is a powerful and effective therapy for male erectile dysfunction (ED) and enables to restore temporary ED. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sildenafil on seminal parameters in male participants with idiopathic infertility. Materials and Methods: This randomized, double-blind, controlled cross-over clinical trial study was conducted on 79 participants who had been referred to urology clinics in Rasht. Participants were assigned to two Groups A (n = 40), and B (n = 39). In Phase I, participants in Group A received a pill of sildenafil (50 mg) and then received a pill of placebo after the washout period, and participants in Group B received a pill of placebo and then received a pill of sildenafil after the washout period. In Phase II, participants in Group A received a pill of placebo and then received a pill of sildenafil after the washout period; and participants in group B received sildenafil and then received a placebo after the washout period. Results: The mean age of patients was 34 ± 5 years. There was no significant difference in the mean sperm count before receiving the drug in all groups. Sperm count, motility, morphology, pH, viscosity, and liquefaction time of semen did not significantly change after receiving sildenafil in comparison to their corresponding placebo group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Sildenafil did not change sperm parameters in treating infertile patients; sildenafil also had no positive effect on semen parameters