Novel positively charged PVDF/SPES membranes surface grafted by hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (HBPEI): Fabrication, characterization, antifouling properties, and performance on the removal of cationic E-coat paint

Surface modification of ultrafiltration membranes has shown a significant potential to reduce fouling and increase flux and lifetime, which are the most important factors in membrane filtration. In this study, the surface-modified membranes were prepared by grafting hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (HBPEI) onto polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-sulfonated polyethersulphone (SPES) blending membranes. Electrostatic interactions between HBPEI and SPES result in a well-attached positive-charged HBPEI grafting layer on the PVDF membrane surface. Surface-modified membranes were examined for the removal of cationic E-coat paint and their performance was measured in terms of total permeation flux, paint rejection, and fouling resistance parameters. In addition, the physicochemical properties and morphology of the membranes were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and water contact angle (CA). The optimum membrane shows a total permeation flux of 35.5 L per square meter per hour (LMH) and paint rejection of 99.9%. Additionally, the fouling parameter of the optimized membrane shows a flux recovery ratio of 90%. As a result of its considerable properties, such as the high flux and separation performance as well as its antifouling properties, the surface modified membrane is an excellent candidate for the removal of E-coat paint at industrial scale

Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) Applied for Spectrophotometric Determination of Fluoxetine and Sertraline in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluid: Determination of fluoxetine and sertraline in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluid

The UV-spectrophotometric method of analysis was proposed for simultaneous determination of fluoxetine (FLX) and sertraline (SRT). Considering the strong spectral overlap between UV-Vis spectra of these compounds, a previous separation should be carried out in order to determine them by conventional spectrophotometric techniques. Here, full-spectrum multivariate calibrations adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) method is developed.Adaptive neuro-fuzzyinference system (ANFIS) is a neuro fuzzy technique where the fusion is made between the neural network and the fuzzy inference system that is a computational method. The experimental calibration matrix was constructed with 30 samples. The concentration ranges considered were 5-120μg.mL−1fluoxetine and 10-120μg.mL−1sertraline .Absorbance data of the calibration standards were taken between 200-300nm with UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The method was applied to accurately and simultaneously determine the content of pharmaceutical in several synthetic mixtures and real samples. Assaying various synthetic mixtures of the components validated the presented methods. Mean recovery values were found to be 101.26% and 100.24%, respectively for determination of FLX and SRT

Resolving Spectra Overlapping Based on Net Analyte Signal for Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Fluoxetine and Sertraline

The net analyte signal standard addition method was used for simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of sertraline and fluoxetine in pharmaceutical preparations. The method combines the advantages of the standard addition method with the net analyte signal concept to enable the extraction of information about an analyte from the spectra of multi-component mixtures. This method uses full spectrum realization and does not require calibration and prediction steps. Determination requires only a few measurements. The limit of detection for fluoxetine was 0.31 µg ml-1 and for sertraline was 0.20 µg ml-1. The root mean square error for fluoxetine was 0.45 and for sertraline was 0.39