Quranic and Prophetic Ways to Reduce the Phenomenon of Bullying in Society

This research deals with the phenomenon of bullying in terms of the concept, causes, and methods of treating this phenomenon in the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet. The research is based on extrapolating the terms that agree with the concept of bullying in the Holy Qur'an and the Prophetic Sunnah, analyzing the verses and hadiths that were mentioned in them, and then explaining their treatment from the Holy Qur'an and the Prophetic Sunnah. Keywords: Roads, the Qur'an, the limit, bullyin

Correlation functions for extended mass galaxy clusters

The phenomenon of clustering of galaxies on the basis of correlation functions in an expanding Universe is studied by using equation of state, taking gravitational interaction between galaxies of extended nature into consideration. The partial differential equation for the extended mass structures of a two-point correlation function developed earlier by Iqbal, Ahmad and Khan is studied on the basis of assigned boundary conditions. The solution for the correlation function for extended structures satisfies the basic boundary conditions, which seem to be sufficient for understanding the phenomena, and provides a new insight into the gravitational clustering problem for extended mass structures.Comment: 3 pages, no figure

Air Quality at Sonamarg - A Tourist Hill Station in Kashmir Valley, India

The present study was undertaken to determine the ambient air quality with respect to suspended particulate matter (TSPM), respirable suspended particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) at Sonamarg- a tourist hill station in Kashmir valley. The ambient air quality at three different station namely Sonamarg town, Thajwas and Baltal was monitored from July to December in 2009. All the pollutants were measured with a sampling duration of 1 hour. The results showed high concentration of pollutants in summer months which correspond with peak tourist activity. The highest concentration of pollutants was recorded at Baltal site, while least values were observed at Thajwas site. TSPM and PM10 are chief air pollutants in the area, however, the values of NO2 and SO2 were well within the limits as set by EPA at all the sites. It can be concluded that tourist inflow, vehicular density, roadside dust, and burning of coal and fuelwood on a large scale are the main sources of air pollutants in this area

Cellulose‐based Materials for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater – An Overview

Water pollution due to increase in population and high rates of wastewater generation have become serious concerns since the last few decades. Heavy metals are amongst the main wastewater pollutants due to their ability to persist in the environment. Materials and techniques are being investigated for the treatment of heavy metals in wastewater. Cellulose is one of the materials gaining attention due to its excellent physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Cellulose-based materials are being widely studied for the adsorption of heavy metals. This overview highlights research efforts to enhance the role of cellulose in wastewater treatment through cellulose-based materials. It also discusses the effects of cellulose modifications such as cellulose gels, cellulose composites, cellulose derivatives, functionalized cellulose, and nanocrystalline cellulose on the capacity of heavy metals adsorption

Lignin and lignin based materials for the removal of heavy metals from waste water - An overview

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH. Water Pollution through heavy metals is the concerned issue as many industries like tanning, steel production and electroplating are the major contributors. Various toxic Heavy metals are a matter of concern as they have severe environmental and health effects. Most commonly, conventional methods are using to remove these heavy metals like precipitation, ion exchange, which are not economical and have disposal issues. Adsorption of heavy metals by different low-cost adsorbents seems to be the best option in wastewater treatment. Many agricultural by-products proved to be suitable as low-cost adsorbents for removing heavy metals efficiently in a minimum time. Lignin residues that involves both agricultural and wood residues and sometimes separated out from black liquor through precipitation have adsorption capacity and affinity comparable to other natural adsorbents. However, lignin as bio adsorbents have the advantage of less cost and gives efficient adsorption results. This study is a review of the recent literature on the use of natural lignin residues for heavy metals adsorption under different experimental scenarios