Non-Coherent OFDM Transmission via Off-the-Grid Joint Channel and Data Estimation

Pilot-aided channel estimation techniques are known to waste the spectral bandwidth. An off-the-grid blind estimator for time-variant orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is studied in this letter. In this regard, we propose a blind estimator based on atomic norm minimization (ANM) for OFDM systems. To do so, at the first transmission block, using a lifted ANM (LANM) and simple constraint on ℓ2 norm of data, we simultaneously estimate the channel and data. For the subsequent blocks, we use a penalized ANM (PANM) to simultaneously track the channel’s parameters and detect transmit signals. The proposed problems require an infinitedimensional search, hence are NP-hard. Therefore, we propose two semidefinite programs (SDPs) to implement them. We then derive the total computational complexity of the proposed estimator. The simulation results show the superiority of the proposed estimator to the state-of-the-arts

Analytical Hierarchy Process in modeling and solving matrix games in neutrosophic environment and its application in military problems

Objective: The war environment is a conflict situation and operations research is one of the used techniques to make decisions in different battle conditions. In this article, game theory is used to model the conflict situation, which is one of the widely used methods in the military field.Method: In this article, after modeling the problem as a matrix game, a hierarchical analysis method is proposed to determine the payoffs and prioritize the outputs of the game. On the other hand, due to the fact that in the real world information is presented in an imprecise and ambiguous way, Neutrosaphic collections have been used to express this information. A method of solving the hierarchical analysis problem with Neutrosaphic data is proposed and then solving the game problem with the outputs of the hierarchical analysis method is discussed.Findings: To solve the matrix game problem with neutrosaphic payoffs, the concept of nearest interval approximation of the generalized triangular neutrosaphic fuzzy number is used and the game model is written as a problem with interval payoffs. In the following, a method is proposed to solve this game problem. Finally, the solution of a practical example in military problems has been investigated with the proposed method. To solve this problem, two optimistic and pessimistic problems have been proposed for each player, and by solving these problems, the optimal solutions of the players are obtained in two optimistic and pessimistic states.Conclusion: Efficiency and simplicity in the problem solving method as well as the ability to develop the proposed method to game problems with interval-type payoffs are among the results of this research

The Prevalence of Clubfoot in the Neonates who were Referred to the Emergency Department of Mofid Children Hospital

ObjectiveClub-foot is one of the most prevalent congenital anomalies of the lowerextremities. Since there is no epidemiologic study on the prevalence of thisdisease in Iran, we decided to assess it in a sample population in Tehran.Materials and MethodsWe assessed all neonates who were referred to the emergency department ofmofid children hospital between October 2007 and November 2008, due to apaediatric emergency problem. None of the patients had chief complaints oflower extremity deformity.ResultsDuring this time period (13 months), we could examine 682 neonates. Noneof the parents of these neonates had complaints regarding anomaly of lowerextremities of their neonates at the time of the emergency referral. Of them, 371(54%) were female and 311 (46%) were male. The age of the mother at the timeof pregnancy was 35 yr in 86 (13%) neonates. There was a previous historyof clubfoot in the siblings of one of the neonates who was under orthopaedictreatment.Among all these neonates, we found two cases of clubfoot (0.3%), with bilateralinvolvement. In one of these cases, the older sibling also had clubfoot.ConclusionThe incidence of clubfoot has been reported between 0.39 and 6 cases in 1000live birth in the literature. In the present study, we found a prevalence of 0.3 forclubfoot in every 1000 neonates.Keywords: Clubfoot; prevalence; congenital; talipesequinovarus.  

A maximum flow network interdiction model in fuzzy stochastic hybrid uncertainty environments

Uncertainty is an inherent characteristic of a decision-making process. Occasionally, historical data may be insufficient to accurately estimate the probability distribution suitable for an unknown variable. In these situations, we deal with fuzzy stochastic variables in solving a problem. As a result, decision-makers, particularly those in the military, are confronted with numerous issues. This article discusses the maximum network flow interdiction under fuzzy stochastic hybrid conditions. The capacity of arcs has been treated as a fuzzy stochastic variable in this problem. The primary objective of this paper is to propose a model to the decision-maker that can be used to manage unknown factors in the network. Since this topic is explored concurrently in a stochastic and fuzzy environment, it is impossible to solve it directly. Consequently, three probability-possibility, probability-necessity, and probability-credibility techniques are utilized to transform it into a deterministic state. Eventually, the proposed model’s efficacy is demonstrated by presenting a numerical example

Maximum Flow Interdiction Problem in Multi-Period Dynamic Networks in Fuzzy Stochastic Hybrid Conditions

Undoubtedly, the best tool to help military decision-makers and commanders choose the appropriate strategy is to formulate models that are as close to the real world as possible. This is possible when these problems are presented in conditions of uncertainty. In this research, a multi-period dynamic interdiction problem in fuzzy stochastic conditions is investigated. In general, interdiction problem, scarce resources are allocated to degrade the enemy, whose behavior is formatted by the network optimization problem. In this problem, the defense forces in the role of interdictor try to minimize the maximum flow during the period so that at each stage the interdictor and the enemy are fully aware of the performance of the other side. Edge capacities in this model are considered as fuzzy stochastic variables. To solve the proposed model, first, the fuzzy stochastic dynamic interdiction problem is transformed into the deterministic dynamic interdiction problem with the help of the concepts of probability measure, credibility measure and chance constraint programming. Then, by creating the crisp two-level problem created by duality, it is transformed into a single-level problem, and then it is solved by using the generalization of Banders decomposition algorithm. Finally, the validity of the problem is evaluated by providing a numerical sample

The systematic review on physical activity in urban neighborhoods

Physical activity considers as factor to make the urban neighborhoods more vibrant and alive. Besides of the physical activity's advantages for urban neighborhoods in urbanization fields, the health advantages highlighted by many scholars as one other important advantage of existing physical activity in urban neighborhoods. Based on the significance of physical activity in urban neighborhoods, this review article aims on establishing the factors associating with physical activity improvement or failures in urban neighborhoods. To do so, 25 research articles associating with physical activity in urban neighborhoods were evoked and reviewed. Despite of the existing result's inconsistencies, the significant factors affecting physical activity in urban neighborhoods are revealed. Most of undertaken articles that were focused on statistical strategies were validated and reliable physical activity is standardized. Moreover, the possible moderation of effects are surely investigated and warranted

The systematic review on safety in urban neighborhoods

Previous researches focused on the safety issue as a significant factor for neighborhood's quality. The aim of this research is to establish a comprehensive overview on literatures in terms of the significance of safety issue for urban neighborhoods and its influencing factors. To do so, 27 research articles associating to urban neighborhood's safety criteria are evoked and reviewed. Considering the existing inconsistencies of the results, the important factors influencing urban neighborhood's safety are revealed. Most of undertaken articles that were focused on statistical strategies were validated and reliable safety is standardized. Moreover, the possible moderation of effects are surely investigated and warranted

The typology of responding to offence in cyberspace

One of the challenges that human society is seriously dealing with its consequences and the problems caused by it are increasing day by day, is virtual innovations by cyber criminals. Since many laws in the world do not have the same efficiency and effectiveness in cyber space, it is possible to easily violate them without the worry of facing criminal and non-criminal responses. Anticipating criminal sanctions in new fields such as information and communication technology, in addition to the protection and stability of order and security of the society, also provides the human rights standards of citizens. It is obvious that the effectiveness of the criminal and non-criminal sanctions regarding the offenses Virtual space depends on deep, wide and multi-dimensional research, but before this, there was less research about the efficiency and effectiveness of the responses mentioned in this field, as well as providing a perspective of a suitable criminal and non-criminal response system. Therefore, with the aim of obtaining the desired response, this research has been written with a descriptive-analytical method and using library and internet resources. According to the results of this article, it is necessary to use the capabilities of the restorative justice model to grow the efficiency and effectiveness of the guarantee of criminal executions

A meta-heuristic method for maximum capacity path interdiction problem with multiple attackers

Network interdiction problems are a group of problems in which two actors face each other with conflicting goals. In these matters, the benefit of one actor damages the other actor. In the case of maximum capacity path interdiction, a defender in the role of leader applies his interdicting actions according to the available budget. At the next level several attackers, as followers observing the defender's interdiction action, optimize the maximum capacity path problem from the origin to the destination. Interdiction is attacking the network arcs to destroy them and reduce the capacity of the arc. In this research, first, a two-level binary mathematical programming model for the problem is described. Then, due to the complexity of solving two-level problems, a hybrid algorithm including a revised Dijkstra algorithm and a simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. The revised Dijkstra algorithm always finds an optimal solution to the maximum capacity problem. Therefore, the hybrid algorithm can find good solutions in the search space. Then, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm was evaluated up to the size of 100 nodes and 150 arcs, which shows the ability of the algorithm to solve problems in different sizes. Based on the conclusions, increasing the defender budget results in the objective function being improved to a certain extent. The coefficient of attackers in the objective function is inversely related to the quality of the attackers' path and increases or decreases the maximum capacity of the attackers' path

Case report<br>Left atrial myxoma crossing the mitral valve

In this article, we report a 79-year-old man with a large mobile and pediculated mass in left atrium crossing the mitral valve in diastol and enter the left ventricle. Transthorasic two-dimensional echocardiography showed the big neoplastic mass attached to interatrial septum (IAS) and measured 7x4.5 cm. The patient presented signs and symptoms of Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) with aphasia, dysphagy suddenly developed 24 hours earlier to admission. Brain axial CT scan showed a hypodense area in the left parietal lobe and a hypodense trigonal shaped area in the left temporal lobe. The surgical approach used for resection of this tumour was an isolated left atriotomy that provided excellent exposure and safe excision