Centralized Database System For Automated Hearing Screening

Centralized database software enables simultaneous updates from multiple queries containing data from different machines. It enables the data to be stored safely in a centralized location. Based on the related research work on PC based Automated Hearing Screening kit which store the test results in local storage, it may have problem to perform the data collection from different location of test centers. The main objective of this project is to extend the capabilities of the kit into centralized database architecture for easy access of the test results from multiple test centers locations. The proposed methods used in this project involved database structure design through user requirements analysis, defining data type for each entities and modeling the database using entity relationship diagram (ERD). Web application interface has been proposed in this project as a method to extract the test results from the database. The PC based Automated Hearing Screening kit also has been redesigned in term of user interface and the functionality to submit the data to the centralized database has been added. As part of the project results, the SQL injection test has been performed on web application interface and the web application successfully passed the test by sanitizing user input in the web application. An End User test has been conducted at Audiology & Speech Sciences Clinic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia with 9 participants involved. All participants passed the hearing screening test for the left and right ear except for 1 participant unable to conduct right ear test due to the detected ambient noise level in the test room beyond the permissible level. As the conclusion the objective of this project has been fulfilled and the capabilities of original PC based Automated Hearing Screening kit has been successfully extended based on the results presented in this report

Economic integration among ASEAN countries: evidence from gravity model

This study aims at investigating whether intra-ASEAN trade is trade creating (higher trade with efficient members) or trade diverting (higher trade with inefficient members) for both inter-industry and intra-industry trade. Since integration efforts within ASEAN had to be geared toward “open regionalism”, factors that affect trade, both inter-industry as well as intra-industry trade at the sectoral level are also identified. The study adopts the extended gravity model at the total as well as the disaggregated level using the one-digit Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) Revision 2. Trade creation is found to be present for total exports, for beverages & tobacco (SITC 1), chemicals & materials (SITC 5),machinery & transport equipment (SITC 7),and miscellaneous manufactures (SITC 8). Income levels, transportation costs as well as level of development have significant effects on total trade as well as most sectors. Relative development affects only food & live animals (SITC 0), crude materials (SITC 2), chemicals & materials (SITC 5), and manufactured goods (SITC 6). Factor endowments are important determinants of total trade as well as trade in animal & vegetable fat (SITC 4), chemicals & materials SITC 5), machinery & transport equipment (SITC7), and miscellaneous manufactures (SITC 8).Tariffs do not seem to have any effect on trade except for the animal & vegetable fat sector (SITC 4), while exchange rate risk affects only beverages & tobacco (SITC 1), minerals & fuels (SITC 3), machinery & transport equipment (SITC 7), and miscellaneous manufactures (SITC 8). Based on the findings, in general, policies that promote growth and development in the region should be maintained. In addition, measures need to be undertaken to ensure low transportation costs that include improving both the physical infrastructure and the efficiency of transportation systems. Since tariffs are no longer much of an issue to promote trade, emphasis should be placed on other factors that may affect export demand such as product development to improve the quality of exports and to meet the preferences of importing countries

Multiclass classification for chest x-ray images based on lesion location in lung zones

Innovation in radiology technology has generated numerous kinds of medical images like the chest X-ray (CXR).This image is used to find common problem in lung like the lesion through scanning process in lung area which is divided into six zones.By classifying the CXR images with common feature like the lesion location, we can ensure efficient image retrieval.Recently, Support Vector Machine (SVM) has turn out to be a well-known method for image classification.While many previous studies have reported the achievement of SVM in classifying images, yet there is still problem with this technique for multiclass classification.Since SVM is a binary classification technique, its ability is limited to classifying features between two classes at one time. Therefore, it is difficult to classify CXR images which contain many image features.Realizing the problem, we proposed an application method for multiclass classification with SVM to the CXR images based on the lesion position in the lung zones.The multiclass classification application is executed on the CXR images taken from Japan Society of Radiology Technology dataset.Lesion coordinates were selected as the classification input while the lung zones becomes the labels. The multiclass classification is performed with RBF kernel and the classification accuracy is tested to attain the classifiers performance.Overall, it can be concluded that the percentage of the classification accuracy is high with the highest accuracy percentage recorded at 98.7% while the lowest was 94.8%.Meanwhile, the average classification accuracy was recorded at 96.9%. The result obtained revealed that the SVM classifiers generated have successfully classified the lesion location correctly according to the lung zones

Frequency Reuse Optimization For OFDMA Network

This study investigated the frequency reuse optimization scheme for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA). Forsk Atoll, Earth Explorer and Global Mapper 15 were used to deploy the simulations, local area (Ayer Keroh, 2.2667°N 102.2833°E) was selected to perform the simulation. The simulation result showed that by implementing Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) network on the area, gave a significant improvement, in term of co-channel interference and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). Very low co-channel interference and a strong signal strength occurred on the selected area by modifying the related parameters such as frequency allocation for every single sectoral antenna, antenna height, power of base station and antenna tilt degree. Limited frequency allocation available in the simulation software cause the co-channel interference still exist, although, the values are considered very unsignificant. Improvement can be made by adding frequency resources and physical drive test to validate the simulation measurement result

A comparative analysis of the performance of conventional and Islamic unit trust companies in Malaysia

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficiency of selected conventional and Islamic unit trust companies in Malaysia during the period 2002 to 2005. Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to investigate efficiency, as measured by the Malmquist index, which is decomposed into two components: efficiency change and technical change indexes. Findings – The study indicates that technical efficiency is the main contributor to enhancing the efficiency of the Malaysian unit trust industry. In addition, the larger the size of the unit trust companies, the more inefficient the performance. In comparing the efficiency of unit trust companies, the study finds that some of the Islamic unit trust companies perform better than their conventional counterparts. Research limitations/implications – The study is limited to five Islamic unit trust companies. Thus, the findings of this study are indicative, but inconclusive for the unit trust industry as a whole. Practical implications – The results have two important implications for both conventional and Islamic unit trust companies in Malaysia. First, the deterioration of total factor productivity (TFP) in the unit trust industry in Malaysia is due to the deficiency of innovation in technical components. Second, the size of the unit trust companies has an adverse effect on the TFP performance. Originality/value – The contribution of this study is that it analyzes the efficiency of the two types of unit trust industry which are important and relevant for Malaysia. This significance arises from the dual financial system, in which the Islamic unit trust companies operate in parallel with their conventional counterparts. The comparison sheds some light on the performance of the Islamic unit trust companies, whose operations are based on profit-sharing, in contrast to the conventional unit trust companies

Modelling of Swarm Communication

Swarm communication is a communication process of sending data within a certain area via agents.. Data will be sent to all the agents in this process. This is also closely related to the way of broadcasting via “short communication” as a way to find out the data among their agents. This field involved an in -depth study of the behaviour of the agents and by using a homogeneous approach, inspect the process of sending data. This includes investigation of independence of agents and the characteristics of sending and receiving data for a random process in a swarm. In this paper, techniques useful for swarm implemented bit-communication behaviour will be presented. There are two approaches that are used to send and receive signals. The reverse approach is where data can be resend to the sender for the next cycle, where the program randomly selects the nearest agents t o send data to. While for the nonreversing approach data is not able to return to the sender in the previous cycle. The non -reversing approach can improve system performance and efficiency. This paper presents the development of a swarm communication mode l and how it can be used to illustrate the communication process

An Analysis Of Multiple Size Region Of Interest In Disparity Mapping For Stereo Vision Application

This paper presents an analysis of multiple size region of interest in selected area or segment of disparity mapping in application of stereo vision. The mapping is about to deal with the intensities of pixels which allocate the depths of an image and can be extracted to get the distance values. This region is a reference view of the stereo camera and stereo vision baseline is based on horizontal configuration. The block matching technique is briefly described with the performance of its output. The disparity mapping is generated by the algorithm with the reference to the left image coordinate. The algorithm uses Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD) which is developed using Matlab software. The rectification and block matching processes are also briefly described in this paper

Multiclass Classification Application using SVM Kernel to Classify Chest X-ray Images Based on Nodule Location in Lung Zones

Support Vector Machine (SVM) has long been known as an excellent approach for image classification. While many studies have reported on its achievement, yet it still weak to handle multiclass classification problem because it is originally designed as a binary classification technique. It is challenging task to transform SVM to solve multiclass problems like classifying chest X-ray images based on the lung zone location. Classified X-ray images improved image retrieval hence reducing time taken to assessed back the images. Realizing this difficulties, therefore, we proposed an application method for multiclass classification using SVM kernel to classify chest X-ray images based on nodule location in lung zones. The multiclass classification experiment is performed using four popular SVM kernels namely linear, polynomial, radial based function (RBF) and sigmoid. Overall, we obtained high classification accuracy (>90%) for three classifiers that are RBF, polynomial and linear kernel while sigmoid kernel classifier is only moderately good at 82.7% accuracy. Besides, values in the confusion matrices revealed that the RBF and polynomial classifiers managed to classify test data into all classification classes. Conversely, classifiers based on linear and sigmoid kernel have missed at least one classification class. Since each classifier work differently based on their kernel types, we noticed that it is better to view them as a complimentary rather than treating them as competing options. This condition also revealed that we can modify the original SVM classification method to handle multiclass classification problem

Ethyl 3-nitro-4-(propyl­amino)benzoate

In the title compound, C12H16N2O4, intra­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate S(6) and S(5) ring motifs, respectively. The nitro group is almost coplanar with the benzene ring, forming a dihedral angle of 6.2 (2)°. In the crystal structure, neighbouring mol­ecules are linked together by inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O⋯O inter­actions. Of interest are the short inter­molecular O⋯O inter­actions which cause a stacking arrangement of the mol­ecules along the a axis