Investigation of the chemical constituents of some medicinal plants acting on different GABAA receptor subtypes

Natural products have immense potential in drug discovery so the present study investigated the activity of extracts and phytochemicals from three medicinal plants, and some semi-synthetic analogues, on recombinant GABAA receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Asiatic 40 and madecassic acids 41 from Centella asiatica, had substantial differences in their modulation of GABA-induced current. Asiatic acid negatively modulated the GABA-induced current with IC50s of 37, 64, and 427µM at α1β2γ2L, α5β3γ2L, α2β2γ2L receptors, respectively. On the contrary, madecassic acid only inhibited the GABA-induced current at α2β2γ2L (IC50, 428µM) receptor. Among the semi-synthetic analogues, the asiatic acid amide 158 negatively modulated the GABA-induced current with enhanced negative modulation at α1β2γ2L (IC50, 14µM) and α2β2γ2L (IC50, 28µM) receptors. All compounds from Passiflora incarnata negatively modulated the GABA-induced current, except kaempferol 72, with the greatest inhibition by isoorientin 85, which inhibited the EC10 GABA-induced current at α2β2γ2L receptor by 48.2 ± 0.77%. Resveratrol from Vitis vinifera (at 100μM) induced small current (22.0 ± 3.5 nA) and potentiated the GABA-induced current at α1β2γ2L receptor, with an EC50 of 58μM, while trans-ε-viniferin negatively modulated the GABA-induced at all three subtypes, with IC50s of 5.8, 19, 21μM on α1β2γ2L, α2β2γ2L, and α5β3γ2L receptors, respectively

Investigation of the chemical constituents of some medicinal plants acting on different GABAA receptor subtypes

Natural products have immense potential in drug discovery so the present study investigated the activity of extracts and phytochemicals from three medicinal plants, and some semi-synthetic analogues, on recombinant GABAA receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Asiatic 40 and madecassic acids 41 from Centella asiatica, had substantial differences in their modulation of GABA-induced current. Asiatic acid negatively modulated the GABA-induced current with IC50s of 37, 64, and 427µM at α1β2γ2L, α5β3γ2L, α2β2γ2L receptors, respectively. On the contrary, madecassic acid only inhibited the GABA-induced current at α2β2γ2L (IC50, 428µM) receptor. Among the semi-synthetic analogues, the asiatic acid amide 158 negatively modulated the GABA-induced current with enhanced negative modulation at α1β2γ2L (IC50, 14µM) and α2β2γ2L (IC50, 28µM) receptors. All compounds from Passiflora incarnata negatively modulated the GABA-induced current, except kaempferol 72, with the greatest inhibition by isoorientin 85, which inhibited the EC10 GABA-induced current at α2β2γ2L receptor by 48.2 ± 0.77%. Resveratrol from Vitis vinifera (at 100μM) induced small current (22.0 ± 3.5 nA) and potentiated the GABA-induced current at α1β2γ2L receptor, with an EC50 of 58μM, while trans-ε-viniferin negatively modulated the GABA-induced at all three subtypes, with IC50s of 5.8, 19, 21μM on α1β2γ2L, α2β2γ2L, and α5β3γ2L receptors, respectively

Multimodal terminal at Tongi, Dhaka, Bangladesh

This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture in Architecture, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (page 42).This paper is a report for the general background study to the specific mission development of the thesis project, title under multimodal terminal. The selected site of the suggested project is at Tongi beside Dhaka-Mymensing highway and river turag. It is suggested project, which will be undertaken at the government construction level to help ease the high demanding traffic system and to shift the public mass in the north of the capital city at the river border. As there are many mode of transportation option is available for the public, it is believed and also observed in developed countries that multiple modes of transport provided and designed together works better than stand alone system . As the project site is crossed over by multiple routes of transport modes, it is planned to design a multimodal terminal there. In this thesis project through series of background study, site study, case study the detailed program was developed and based on the program through trail and error the design started to develop.Kaiser HamidB. Architectur

Hypoglycemic, hypolippidemic and antioxidant effects of leaves methanolic extract of Baccaurea ramiflora

The present study was designed for investigating the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of the leaves of B. ramiflora. Antioxidant potential was assayed by measuring the free radical scavenging activity using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Diabetes was induced in adult albino rats of both sexes by intra peritoneal (i.p) injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg). Methanolic extract of B. ramiflora leaves (200 mg/kg) was administered as a single dose per day to the diabetic rats for 14 days. The control group received distilled water for the same duration. Blood glucose levels and serum lipid profiles were measured in the diabetic and non-diabetic rats. The methanolic extract showed potent free radical scavenging activity with IC value of 23.83 (μg/ml). It produced substantial hypoglycemia and reduced the elevated blood glucose level in the diabetic rats towards normal and it was statistically highly significant (

Evaluation of the leaves of Ipomoea aquatica for its hypoglycemic and antioxidant activity

The present study was accomplished to explore the hypoglycemic and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of the leaves of I.aquatica. The animals used to test the antidiabetic activity were Swiss albino mice of 7-8 weeks, average weight 20-30 gm of both male and female sexes. Twenty four mice were randomly grouped into four where there were two drug groups, one control and one standard control group. Metformin was used as standard in the testing of hypoglycemic activity. Different doses as 200 mg/mg and 400 mg/kg body weight of extract were used during the course of study. Both of the doses showed potent hypoglycemic activity in comparison with the control (

Changes in Lipid Profile of Rat Plasma after Chronic Administration of Laghobanondo Rosh (LNR)—An Ayurvedic Formulation

Abstract In this study, the lipid profile of rats' plasma was measured after chronic administration of LNR usually used in the treatment of pandu (anaemia).The animal used for this research work was albino rats (Rattus novergicus: Sprague-Dawley strains) and LNR was administered per oral route at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight, once daily, up to 45 days for all the experiments. Forty rats, equally of both sexes, were randomly grouped into four where one male and one female group were used as control and other groups were used as test. LNR remarkably decreased plasma triglycerides in both male and female rats and it was statistically very highly significant (p=0.001***). Similar trend of result was noticed incase of total cholesterol in both sexes of the animal but it was not statistically significant (male, p=0.296, female, p=0.511). On the other hand, a reverse trend in the result was observed in case of VLDL, LDL and HDL. In case of LDL, the increase in male rats was statistically significant (p=0.047*) but in female rats it was statistically insignificant (p=0.506). The increase in VLDL and HDL was statistically insignificant in the both male and female rats

A sedge plant as the source of Kangaroo Island propolis rich in prenylated p-coumarate ester and stilbenes

AbstractPropolis samples from Kangaroo Island, South Australia, were investigated for chemical constituents using high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectral profiling. A type of propolis was found containing a high proportion of prenylated hydroxystilbenes. Subsequently, the botanical origin of this type of propolis was identified using a beehive propolis depletion method and analysis of flora. Ligurian honey bees, Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola, were found to produce propolis from resin exuded by the Australian native sedge plant Lepidosperma sp. Montebello (Cyperaceae). The plants, commonly known as sword sedge, were found to have resin that matched with the propolis samples identified as the most abundant propolis type on the island containing C- and O-prenylated tetrahydroxystilbenes (pTHOS) in addition to a small amount of prenylated p-coumarate. The isolation of five pTHOS not previously characterized are reported: (E)-4-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-3,4′,5-trihydroxy-3′-methoxystilbene, (E)-2,4-bis(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-3,3′,4′,5-tetrahydroxystilbene, (E)-2-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)-3′,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene, (E)-2,6-bis(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-3,3′,5,5′-tetrahydroxystilbene and (E)-2,6-bis(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-3,4′,5-trihydroxy-3′-methoxystilbene. A National Cancer Institute 60 human cell line anticancer screen of three of these compounds showed growth inhibitory activity. The large Australasian genus Lepidosperma is identified as a valuable resource for the isolation of substances with medicinal potential

Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Effect of Scoparia dulcis in Alloxan induced Albino Mice

Abstract: Herbal drugs are frequently considered to be less toxic and also free from side effects, than synthetic ones. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate antidiabetic and antioxidant principle of the ethanolic extract of Scoparia dulcis (EESD) for its antidiabetic and antioxidant potential against alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Hypoglycemic effect was evaluated in normal and alloxan induced diabetic mice The oral administration of plant extract at a dose of 100 & 200 mg/kg body weight were given to fasting glucose loaded (200 mg/kg body weight) mice with regard to normal control during 3 hr. study period and in alloxan-induced (150 mg/kg body weight) diabetic mice in comparison with reference drug, Metformin (600µg/kg) during 2 weeks study period. Considerable fall in elevated blood glucose level was observed in the normoglycemic (p<0.05) and alloxan induced diabetic (p<0.001) mice. The extract, at a dose of 100 & 200 mg/kg body weight showed glucose level reduction of 31.87% & 46.97% respectively in alloxaninduced diabetic mice while 50.74% was found for Metformin after 2 weeks. The antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of plant was assessed by DPPH (1, 1-Diphenyl, 2-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay at 517 nm and total antioxidant capacity by phosphomolybdenum method at 695 nm.The extract showed petite free radical scavenging capacity (IC 50 value 243.82 μg/ml for plant extract and 58.92 μg/ml for Ascorbic acid) and moderate total antioxidant capacity compared with Ascorbic acid. These results demonstrate the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of ethanolic extracts of Scoparia dulcis and suggests that the plant may have therapeutic value in diabetes and related complications

The TALKS study to improve communication, logistical, and financial barriers to live donor kidney transplantation in African Americans: protocol of a randomized clinical trial

Background Live donor kidney transplantation (LDKT), an optimal therapy for many patients with end-stage kidney disease, is underutilized, particularly by African Americans. Potential recipient difficulties initiating and sustaining conversations about LDKT, identifying willing and medically eligible donors, and potential donors’ logistical and financial hurdles have been cited as potential contributors to race disparities in LDKT. Few interventions specifically targeting these factors have been tested. Methods/Design We report the protocol of the Talking about Living Kidney Donation Support (TALKS) study, a study designed to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral, educational and financial assistance interventions to improve access to LDKT among African Americans on the deceased donor kidney transplant recipient waiting list. We adapted a previously tested educational and social worker intervention shown to improve consideration and pursuit of LDKT among patients and their family members for its use among patients on the kidney transplant waiting list. We also developed a financial assistance intervention to help potential donors overcome logistical and financial challenges they might face during the pursuit of live kidney donation. We will evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions by conducting a randomized controlled trial in which patients on the deceased donor waiting list receive 1) usual care while on the transplant waiting list, 2) the educational and social worker intervention, or 3) the educational and social worker intervention plus the option of participating in the financial assistance program. The primary outcome of the randomized controlled trial will measure potential recipients’ live kidney donor activation (a composite rate of live donor inquiries, completed new live donor evaluations, or live kidney donation) at 1 year. Discussion The TALKS study will rigorously assess the effectiveness of promising interventions to reduce race disparities in LDKT. Trial registration NCT02369354