9,480 research outputs found
Sensitivity of helioseismic travel-times to the imposition of a Lorentz force limiter in computational helioseismology
The rapid exponential increase in the Alfv\'en wave speed with height above
the solar surface presents a serious challenge to physical modelling of the
effects of magnetic fields on solar oscillations, as it introduces a
significant CFL time-step constraint for explicit numerical codes. A common
approach adopted in computational helioseismology, where long simulations in
excess of 10 hours (hundreds of wave periods) are often required, is to cap the
Alfv\'en wave speed by artificially modifying the momentum equation when the
ratio between Lorentz and hydrodynamic forces becomes too large. However,
recent studies have demonstrated that the Alfv\'en wave speed plays a critical
role in the MHD mode conversion process, particularly in determining the
reflection height of the upward propagating helioseismic fast wave. Using
numerical simulations of helioseismic wave propagation in constant inclined
(relative to the vertical) magnetic fields we demonstrate that the imposition
of such artificial limiters significantly affects time-distance travel times
unless the Alfv\'en wave-speed cap is chosen comfortably in excess of the
horizontal phase speeds under investigation.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted by ApJ
Interacting Dark Energy and the Cosmic Coincidence Problem
The introduction of an interaction for dark energy to the standard cosmology
offers a potential solution to the cosmic coincidence problem. We examine the
conditions on the dark energy density that must be satisfied for this scenario
to be realized. Under some general conditions we find a stable attractor for
the evolution of the Universe in the future. Holographic conjectures for the
dark energy offer some specific examples of models with the desired properties.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, Phys. Rev. D versio
Polar Codes: Robustness of the Successive Cancellation Decoder with Respect to Quantization
Polar codes provably achieve the capacity of a wide array of channels under
successive decoding. This assumes infinite precision arithmetic. Given the
successive nature of the decoding algorithm, one might worry about the
sensitivity of the performance to the precision of the computation.
We show that even very coarsely quantized decoding algorithms lead to
excellent performance. More concretely, we show that under successive decoding
with an alphabet of cardinality only three, the decoder still has a threshold
and this threshold is a sizable fraction of capacity. More generally, we show
that if we are willing to transmit at a rate below capacity, then we
need only bits of precision, where is a universal
constant.Comment: In ISIT 201
The Space of Solutions of Coupled XORSAT Formulae
The XOR-satisfiability (XORSAT) problem deals with a system of Boolean
variables and clauses. Each clause is a linear Boolean equation (XOR) of a
subset of the variables. A -clause is a clause involving distinct
variables. In the random -XORSAT problem a formula is created by choosing
-clauses uniformly at random from the set of all possible clauses on
variables. The set of solutions of a random formula exhibits various
geometrical transitions as the ratio varies.
We consider a {\em coupled} -XORSAT ensemble, consisting of a chain of
random XORSAT models that are spatially coupled across a finite window along
the chain direction. We observe that the threshold saturation phenomenon takes
place for this ensemble and we characterize various properties of the space of
solutions of such coupled formulae.Comment: Submitted to ISIT 201
How to Achieve the Capacity of Asymmetric Channels
We survey coding techniques that enable reliable transmission at rates that
approach the capacity of an arbitrary discrete memoryless channel. In
particular, we take the point of view of modern coding theory and discuss how
recent advances in coding for symmetric channels help provide more efficient
solutions for the asymmetric case. We consider, in more detail, three basic
coding paradigms.
The first one is Gallager's scheme that consists of concatenating a linear
code with a non-linear mapping so that the input distribution can be
appropriately shaped. We explicitly show that both polar codes and spatially
coupled codes can be employed in this scenario. Furthermore, we derive a
scaling law between the gap to capacity, the cardinality of the input and
output alphabets, and the required size of the mapper.
The second one is an integrated scheme in which the code is used both for
source coding, in order to create codewords distributed according to the
capacity-achieving input distribution, and for channel coding, in order to
provide error protection. Such a technique has been recently introduced by
Honda and Yamamoto in the context of polar codes, and we show how to apply it
also to the design of sparse graph codes.
The third paradigm is based on an idea of B\"ocherer and Mathar, and
separates the two tasks of source coding and channel coding by a chaining
construction that binds together several codewords. We present conditions for
the source code and the channel code, and we describe how to combine any source
code with any channel code that fulfill those conditions, in order to provide
capacity-achieving schemes for asymmetric channels. In particular, we show that
polar codes, spatially coupled codes, and homophonic codes are suitable as
basic building blocks of the proposed coding strategy.Comment: 32 pages, 4 figures, presented in part at Allerton'14 and published
in IEEE Trans. Inform. Theor
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