Identifying Aesthetic Quality Attributes Using Kano Model: Case Study of Malay Women’s Office Outfit Design

The purpose of this study was to use the Kano model to prioritize the aesthetic quality attributes of modern Malay women’s office outfits that have significant effect on customer satisfaction using the Kano model. It is a systematic approach to categorize the customer requirements through a preference classification technique. Overall, 500 customers from the central part of Melaka have been surveyed using a Kano-based questionnaire. The questionnaire in the survey includes customer preferences on purchasing decision, material and design considerations, words that represent customer emotions toward aesthetic attributes and functional and dysfunctional aesthetic attributes. Based on responses, this study has categorized Malay women’s office outfits as attractive, must-be, one-dimensional, and reverse. Among the ten quality attributes that have satisfaction indices greater than 0.7, only one aesthetic quality attribute, free size, is defined as a one-dimension requirement. It should be offered in a Malay women’s office outfit to avoid customer dissatisfaction. The findings of this study facilitate cloth manufacturers to classify quality features during product design and development

Development Of Hygienic Urinal Device Using Integrated Approach

This research presented the process of improving the existing hygienic urinal device using the integrated approach. Thus, various design activities have been involved in designing and fabricating the proposed product. The research aims to design and fabricate a new hygienic urinal device for solving the person who has difficulty accessing the toilet. The design process is based on the integrated method or Pugh's approach which includes various design activities such as market investigation, concept generation, concept selection, concept development and rapid prototyping concept. Investigating the existing similar product was carried out to ideate and generate the idea to improve the previous product. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) were implemented to decide the best design concept during the selection process at the conceptual design stage. the best selected proposed design was fabricated using a 3D printer. The results showed that the improvement of the proposed new design which is 41% in terms of the number of parts, 2.05% in terms of fabrication time, 40% in terms of the number of operations, 11.8% in terms of weight reduction and 11.91% in terms of material cost reduction. This is showed that the proposed new design of the hygienic urinal device is much better compared to the existing desig

Analysis of existing Additive manufacturing material selectors

Additive manufacturing (AM) refers to the production of a component, part, tool or even an assembly using a layer-upon-layer method of fabrication. Additive processes join together formed layers of liquid, powder or sheet materials to create three dimensional objects. It has been reported that AM may cut product development costs by up to 70% and time to market by up to 90%, however, the adoption of AM is still slow and underutilised due to the lack of knowledge of potential users and coupled with the advancement in technology developments and the introduction of new materials. Typically, more than one material is suitable for specific engineering applications and the final selection will bring some advantages as well as disadvantages. A material selection tool can be used to aid users in recommending suitable materials and technologies to manufacture any given product. The aim of this study is to conduct an analysis of material selection tools available for AM which seeks to address the following questions: (1) What kinds of AM material selection tools exist already?; (2) What are the methods/systems/tools/approaches currently applied?; (3) Is there any inadequacy in these existing tools? This study is constructed using literature from previous research, articles, patents, databases and theses. All the relevant information is organised in a table detailing the tool name, author, description of the tool, methods, systems and approaches used for the tool and any limitations observed from the tool. This table is used to compare and highlight any major input of these existing tools, which responds to the three questions that have been highlighted above. The outcome of this research intends to provide a tangible proposition for a robust AM material selector. The availability of this information will also be very helpful for designers, researchers, and other users performing material selection for AM. Such information presented within this paper leads into further detailed research by the authors investigating the wider utilisation of AM technologies and techniques by a wide industrial base, where the functionality of AM is critically modelled using a case-based approach

Optimisation of Build Orientation for FDM Additive Manufactured Products

Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is one of a number of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies that are being used for the production of end-use components due to the technologies ability for short production runs and as a method for producing geometrically complex parts. As it is a polymeric process, FDM in general is more flexible and can easily accommodate without significant expense, changes to a products design during the product development cycle (known as rapid prototyping) prior to fabricating end-use functional parts (known as rapid manufacturing (RM)). However, the quality and functional performance of FDM parts is dependent on a number of process parameters including layer thickness, build orientation, etc. Taking all of this into account, these parameters have to be optimised in order to obtain the ideal part, for fit and function testing as well as an end-use product. This paper seeks to depict the optimisation of the FDM process for optimum performance of ABS plastic parts in terms of tensile and shear effects, where the parameter of build orientation is observed. This research uses load bearing exhibition board mounting clips as the case study product. Series of experiments were conducted to attain the maximum load value of clips fabricated via FDM manufactured in different orientations. The orientations are in the y-axis with constraints in x and z-axis with the direction from y = 0º to y =180º in increments of 10º. The experimental setup for the physical study used a Kern Ch15 K20 load gauge to measure the load on the clips for each orientation. From the results, it is found that the build orientation significantly affects the strength performance of FDM parts. This contributes to further research into the development of RM design rules, specifically in design analysis and optimisation for validation of AM as a viable route for producing functional parts

Physical Analysis of Maximum Strength of Additive Manufactured Parts: A Case-Based Study

Additive manufacturing (AM) can be defined as a layer upon layer manufacturing process of objects directly from three-dimensional (3D) computer aided design models. This technology is rapidly improving new product design, development and manufacturing capability. The technology provides a very important advantage where designers are now able to analyse their products more efficiently and quicker during the design process to enable products to be fit for the purpose of its production. This research intends to explore the potential of AM technology for use in the manufacture of fully-functional end-use parts (a process known as rapid manufacturing (RM)) and validate the AM technology production capabilities via experimental analysis. In this study, plastic clips for gripping cotton textile are considered. First, a 3D model of the clips was modelled using SolidWorks 3D parametric solid modelling software and manufactured using the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) AM technology. Two sets of the product samples were built. One set conformed to the dimensions of the original clips, while the other set was improved through design modifications. Subsequent physical tests were conducted for both designs to obtain data relating to the maximum strength (load bearing capacity) of these FDM components. In addition, the data reported the capability of FDM technology and its fit for the intended manufacturing purposes, and the successfully conducted design modifications and improvements. This work contributes to further research into the development of RM design rules, specifically in design analysis and validation of AM as a viable route for producing direct-use functional parts

Determination of the effect of part orientation to the strength value on additive manufacturing FDM for end-use parts by physical testing and validation via three-dimensional finite element analysis

Determining the mechanical properties of parts manufactured from additive manufacturing (AM) technology is important for manufacture of end-use functional parts, known as Rapid Manufacturing (RM). It is important, within RM design, to verify to some degree of confidence that a part designed to be manufactured using this technology will be suitable and fit to function as intended, prior to committing to volume manufacture. The method of doing this is to perform physical testing on fabricated parts and validate via Finite Element Analysis (FEA) on the parts

Deformation simulation of additive manufacturing FDM parts:a case study for greenhouse clips

Additive manufacturing technology is rapidly rising in the subject of product design and manufacturing industry connected with reverse engineering approach. Additive manufacturing can be defined basically as layer upon layer manufacturing process of the objects from 3-Dimensional CAD models. This technology provides very important advantages for the designers to evaluate their products more efficiently and quicker during design progress to obtain best designs for serial production. These advantages can be used for the issue of designing agricultural tools and machinery to get benefits from the newest high technology applications for the mechanization of the agricultural production. In this study, a sample greenhouse clips is considered. First, the clips 3D model was reverse engineered by helping 3D laser scanner and parametric design software. Subsequently tensile tests were carried out to obtain mechanical properties of the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) specimens. The data from the tensile tests were defined in the finite element analysis (FEA) simulations to see deformation behaviour of the clips and to evaluate the design. Simulation print outs from FEA were presented and at the last step, clips prototypes were fabricated by using additive manufacturing technology for visual and physical investigations. This work contributes to further research into usage of newest high technology for the agricultural machinery design, analysis and manufacturing subjects

Effect of build orientation on FDM parts:a case study for validation of deformation behaviour by FEA

Some parts produced using additive layer technologies (ALT) show non-regular material properties when a force is applied to the part. This difference in properties can be attributed to the orientation in which the part is built. The research in this paper presents a comparison of material property data taken from physical tests performed on fused deposition modelling (FDM) parts built in different orientations, against simulated testing using finite element analysis (FEA). The research uses the design of a simple specimen as a test model for the study for which both a digital and physical model are produced and tested. The test is conducted to investigate deformation behaviour of sample FDM parts manufactured in different orientations and verify that FEA analysis can be utilised for design verification of FDM parts. This work contributes to further research into development of rapid manufacturing (RM) computer aided design (CAD) tools, specifically design analysis and verification tools for RM materials

A Study Of Psychophysical Factor (Heart Rate) For Driver Fatigue Using Regression Model

Driving activity has become more important as this medium being practical,it is also cheaper and faster in connecting human from one to another place.However,in some occurrence,it can cause accidents as they become fatigued while driving.Driver fatigue is one of the top contributors to the road accidents and can be dangerous as other road safety issues such as drink driving.Worst is,there are no laws regulating driver fatigue.Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to develop the regression model of apsychophysical factor for drivers’ fatigue which can predict the relationship between the process input parameters and output responses.The study was participated by ten subjects.The heart rate was taken and recorded using heart rate monitor.Design Expert 8.0.6 software was used for the regression analysis.The modeling validation runs werewithin the 90% prediction intervals of the developed model and the residual errors were less than 10%.The R2 value is 0.9400 whichmeans that the linear regression line passed exactly through all points.The significant parameters that influenced the heart rate were also identified.The parameters are time exposure,type of road,and gender

A Study Of Psychophysical Factor (Heart Rate) For Driver Fatigue Using Regression Model

Driving activity has become more important as this medium being practical, cheaper, and faster in connecting human from one to another place. However, in some occurrence, it can cause accidents as they get fatigued while driving. Driver fatigue is one of the top contributors to the road accidents and can be dangerous as other road safety issues such as drink driving and there are no laws regulating driver fatigue. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to develop the regression modeling of a psychophysical factor for drivers’ fatigue which can predict the relationship between the process input parameters and output responses. The study was participated by ten subjects. The heart rate was taken and recorded using heart rate monitor. This study is expected to formulate and develop the regression modeling of the psychophysical factor by using regression analysis. Design Expert 8.0.6 software was used for the regression analysis. The regression model was successfully developed and validated. The modeling validation runs were falls within the 90% prediction interval of the developed model and the residual errors were less than 10%. The study also discovered that the R2 value, 0.9400 which near to value of 1 means the linear regression line passes exactly through all points. The significant parameters that influenced the heart rate were also identified. Heart rate was influenced by the time exposure, type of road, and gender. Thus, the author believes there is a new contribution to the body of knowledge from this study