Pathos and Patina: The Failure and Promise of Constitutionalism in the European Imagination

Legal studies react to the Union’s social legitimacy deficit either by funneling the problem into empirical sociology (accompanied by the familiar call for more transparency and democracy), or by ignoring it altogether. This article argues that the crisis in social acceptance can be traced back to the texture of EU law. Law is more than a body of rules: It is a social practice, a structure of meaning, and a system of beliefs. In this light, national law has a richly textured cushion of cultural resources to rely on, which makes it ours. In contrast, EU law embodies the fluid surface of consumer identity and appears less ours. The Union’s counter-measures – adding pathos and patina to neutralize our distrust – have proven unsuccessful. The way out, then, is coming to terms with the market citizen, rather than believing in, and forcing upon the consumer, stories of shared values and historically situated commonality.legitimacy; European law; constitution building; polity building; identity

European Democracy and its Critique - Five Uneasy Pieces

democracy; European Court of Justice; fundamental/human rights; Germany; institutions; integration theory; interest intermediation; multilevel governance; national interest; supranationalism

Cabbage yellows, caused by Fusarium Conglutinans, in Iowa

Cabbage yellows caused by Fusarium conglutinans is widely distributed in Iowa. It probably was introduced into the state just previous to 1910 on cabbage transplants shipped from the southern states. The organism causing cabbage yellows is the chief limiting factor in cabbage production in the Muscatine Island section and contiguous territory on the Iowa side of the Mississippi River. The yellows organism may live in the soil for long periods of time, at least 11 years, and still be destructive to a cabbage crop. Cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, kohlrabi and brussels sprouts are known to be hosts of this organism. Cabbage yellows is most destructive in the Cornelt states, where the temperature range is favorable for the causal agent during the growing season of the crop. Losses ranging from 50 to 95 percent of a crop are common on any of the commercial early or late varieties. Certain individual plants in the variety Copenhagen market have proved quite resistant

A study of Sclerospora Graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet. on Setaria Viridis (L.) Beauv. and Zea Mays L.

Conidial sporulation of Sclerospora graminicola has been observed in the day time occurring naturally in the field and under artificial conditions in the laboratory. The period required for the development of mature conidia lies between 4 hours 35 minutes and 111/2 hours. The conditions which seem necessary for the production of conidia, whether during the day or night, are: a completely saturated atmosphere, turgid host leaves, a slight moisture film on the surface of the leaves and a temperature ranging between 8° and 27 °C. When flooded into a drop of water immediately after being discharged, conidia were found to germinate after 60 minutes. The best germination was obtained at 15°C., but the optimum was not definitely determined. Normal conidia measure 14-23 x 11-17µ. Sometimes larger conidia are produced (43 x 18.6µ) . The average length of conidiophores of Sclerospora graminicola was found to be 267.8µ while the individuals measured ranged from 214.5 to 375.3µ, a variation of 160.8µ. Spores were found to be forcefully discharged from the conidiophores thru a distance of 2.5 mm. vertically and 1.89 mm. horizontally. Setaria viridis, S. italica, Zea mays (May\u27s Golden popcorn) and Euchlaena mexicana were infected with Sclerospora graminicola when exposed to the conidia of the mildew. Oospores of Sclerospora graminicola were found to overwinter naturally in field soil under Iowa conditions. In one test, oospores which overwintered outdoors gave nearly twice as much infection on Setaria viridis and Zea Mays (Japanese Hulless popcorn) as did the oospores which were kept in the laboratory, Plants from five genera of Gramineae were found to be susceptible hosts to Sclerospora graminicola. These are: Euchlaena, Setaria, Holcus, Saccharum and Zea. Setaria viridis was found to be the most susceptible of all hosts and popcorn more susceptible than sweet corn and dent corn. Six days were found to be the usual period of incubation between the time oospores were placed on the seeds and that when conidial fruiting appeared on the leaves. Infection by oospores was obtained from the time the testa was broken until the emergence of the plumule above ground. Relative susceptibility of seedlings decreases with age. The processes connected with infection are more greatly favored by temperatures of 15° to 16°C. than by temperatures of 24° to 30°C. The germinating oospore is evidently unable to penetrate older leaf tissue. The viability of oospores was little affected by soaking in 2 percent copper sulfate solutions for 10 minutes, while similar treatment in 1 percent formaldehyde for 5 minutes proved fatal. The killing action of mercuric chloride 1-1000 was not so great as that of formaldehyde. Freshly collected oospores which were held in a dry condition at 77°C. for 1 hour later gave 52 percent infection on Setaria viridis, while wet spores lost their viability to a marked degree when held at 50°C. for a similar period. Sclerospora graminicola was studied in the field during the summers of 1925, 1926 and 1927. Infection was obtained on corn and teosinte planted in plots which had been artificially infested with oospores. Spontaneous conidial sporulation was found to be comparatively rare on corn in the field altho it was observed in 1926 and 1927 on young seedlings during periods of high humidity and cool temperatures. Infected plants were either killed outright or became stunted and unproductive. A few plants apparently outgrew the attack. In Iowa, Sclerospora graminicola has been observed only twice occurring naturally on corn in the field. Oospores of Sclerospora graminicola which had been held 30 months under dry conditions in the laboratory were found to be viable. Presoaking of oospores does not seem to affect the percentage of infection. Soil is not necessary as a medium for the germination of oospores

Zukunftsgestaltung durch Öffentliches Recht

This volume contains presentations and discussions from the meeting of the Association of German Constitutional Law Professors in Greifswald from 2 to 5 October 2013

Разработка и проектирование устройств для мобилизации людей в аэропортах

Объектом исследования выступает организация обслуживания авиапассажиров в аэропортах. Цель работы: проектирование устройства для мобилизации людей в аэропортах и разработка программного обеспечения на базе ОС Android для использования авиапассажирами в качестве управления транспортным средством. В процессе исследования проводится анализ организации предполетного обслуживания авиапассажиров в аэропортах. Основные характеристики: работа состоит из введения, трёх глав, заключения, списка использованных источников и ряда приложений. В результате исследования было разработано и спроектировано инновационное устройство для мобилизации людей в аэропортах и мобильное приложение на базе операционной системы Android, позволяющее осуществлять управление транспортным средством в помещении.The object of the research is the organization of the service of air passengers at airports. Objective: to design a device for mobilizing people at airports and developing Android-based software for use by air passengers as a means of driving a vehicle. In the course of the study, an analysis of the organization of pre-flight service of air passengers at airports is carried out. Main characteristics: the work consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusion, list of references and a number of applications. As a result of the study, an innovative device for mobilizing people at airports and a mobile application based on the Android operating system were developed and designed to control the vehicle indoors