828 research outputs found
Dynamic Provenance for SPARQL Update
While the Semantic Web currently can exhibit provenance information by using
the W3C PROV standards, there is a "missing link" in connecting PROV to storing
and querying for dynamic changes to RDF graphs using SPARQL. Solving this
problem would be required for such clear use-cases as the creation of version
control systems for RDF. While some provenance models and annotation techniques
for storing and querying provenance data originally developed with databases or
workflows in mind transfer readily to RDF and SPARQL, these techniques do not
readily adapt to describing changes in dynamic RDF datasets over time. In this
paper we explore how to adapt the dynamic copy-paste provenance model of
Buneman et al. [2] to RDF datasets that change over time in response to SPARQL
updates, how to represent the resulting provenance records themselves as RDF in
a manner compatible with W3C PROV, and how the provenance information can be
defined by reinterpreting SPARQL updates. The primary contribution of this
paper is a semantic framework that enables the semantics of SPARQL Update to be
used as the basis for a 'cut-and-paste' provenance model in a principled
manner.Comment: Pre-publication version of ISWC 2014 pape
Yang-Lee Theory for a Nonequilibrium Phase Transition
To analyze phase transitions in a nonequilibrium system we study its grand
canonical partition function as a function of complex fugacity. Real and
positive roots of the partition function mark phase transitions. This behavior,
first found by Yang and Lee under general conditions for equilibrium systems,
can also be applied to nonequilibrium phase transitions. We consider a
one-dimensional diffusion model with periodic boundary conditions. Depending on
the diffusion rates, we find real and positive roots and can distinguish two
regions of analyticity, which can identified with two different phases. In a
region of the parameter space both of these phases coexist. The condensation
point can be computed with high accuracy.Comment: 4 pages, accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.Let
Dynamics of driven interfaces near isotropic percolation transition
We consider the dynamics and kinetic roughening of interfaces embedded in
uniformly random media near percolation treshold. In particular, we study
simple discrete ``forest fire'' lattice models through Monte Carlo simulations
in two and three spatial dimensions. An interface generated in the models is
found to display complex behavior. Away from the percolation transition, the
interface is self-affine with asymptotic dynamics consistent with the
Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class. However, in the vicinity of the
percolation transition, there is a different behavior at earlier times. By
scaling arguments we show that the global scaling exponents associated with the
kinetic roughening of the interface can be obtained from the properties of the
underlying percolation cluster. Our numerical results are in good agreement
with theory. However, we demonstrate that at the depinning transition, the
interface as defined in the models is no longer self-affine. Finally, we
compare these results to those obtained from a more realistic
reaction-diffusion model of slow combustion.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. E (1998
Anomalous Roughness in Dimer-Type Surface Growth
We point out how geometric features affect the scaling properties of
non-equilibrium dynamic processes, by a model for surface growth where
particles can deposit and evaporate only in dimer form, but dissociate on the
surface. Pinning valleys (hill tops) develop spontaneously and the surface
facets for all growth (evaporation) biases. More intriguingly, the scaling
properties of the rough one dimensional equilibrium surface are anomalous. Its
width, , diverges with system size , as
instead of the conventional universal value . This originates
from a topological non-local evenness constraint on the surface configurations.Comment: Published version in PR
Force distribution in a scalar model for non-cohesive granular material
We study a scalar lattice model for inter-grain forces in static,
non-cohesive, granular materials, obtaining two primary results. (i) The
applied stress as a function of overall strain shows a power law dependence
with a nontrivial exponent, which moreover varies with system geometry. (ii)
Probability distributions for forces on individual grains appear Gaussian at
all stages of compression, showing no evidence of exponential tails. With
regard to both results, we identify correlations responsible for deviations
from previously suggested theories.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, Submitted to PR
Geospatial Approaches to Support Pelagic Conservation Planning and Adaptive Management
Place-based management in the open ocean faces unique challenges in delineating boundaries around temporally and spatially dynamic systems that span broad geographic scales and multiple management jurisdictions, especially in the \u27high seas\u27. Geospatial technologies are critical for the successful design of pelagic conservation areas, because they provide information on the spatially and temporally dynamic oceanographic features responsible for driving species distribution and abundance in the open ocean, the movements of protected species, and the spatial patterns of distribution of potential threats. Nevertheless, there are major challenges to implementing these geospatial approaches in the open ocean. This Theme Section seeks to bridge the gap between geospatial science and marine conservation by discussing the use of innovative approaches to support effective marine conservation planning strategies for pelagic ecosystems. We highlight the results of this collection of contributions in 3 main sections: (1) conceptual advances in pelagic conservation; (2) novel information technologies and methodologies; and (3) case studies in the California Current and Pacific Ocean
Height Fluctuations and Intermittency of Films by Atomic Force Microscopy
The spatial scaling law and intermittency of the surface roughness
by atomic force microscopy has been investigated. The intermittency of the
height fluctuations has been checked by two different methods, first, by
measuring scaling exponent of q-th moment of height-difference fluctuations
i.e. and the second, by defining generating
function and generalized multi-fractal dimension . These methods
predict that there is no intermittency in the height fluctuations. The observed
roughness and dynamical exponents can be explained by the numerical simulation
on the basis of forced Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation.Comment: 6 pages (two columns), 11 eps. figures, late
Pinning-induced transition to disordered vortex phase in layered superconductors
Destruction of the vortex lattice by random point pinning is considered as a
mechanism of the ``second peak'' transition observed experimentally in weakly
coupled layered high temperature superconductors. The transition field
separating the topologically ordered quasilattice from the amorphous vortex
configuration is strongly influenced by the layered structure and by the
nonlocal nature of the vortex tilt energy due to the magnetic interlayer
coupling. We found three different regimes of transition depending on the
relative strength of the Josephson and magnetic couplings. The regimes can be
distinguished by the dependence of the transition fieldComment: 8 pages, 3 Postscript figures. Accepted to Phys. Rev.B. (regular
article
Conservation Laws and Integrability of a One-dimensional Model of Diffusing Dimers
We study a model of assisted diffusion of hard-core particles on a line. The
model shows strongly ergodicity breaking : configuration space breaks up into
an exponentially large number of disconnected sectors. We determine this
sector-decomposion exactly. Within each sector the model is reducible to the
simple exclusion process, and is thus equivalent to the Heisenberg model and is
fully integrable. We discuss additional symmetries of the equivalent quantum
Hamiltonian which relate observables in different sectors. In some sectors, the
long-time decay of correlation functions is qualitatively different from that
of the simple exclusion process. These decays in different sectors are deduced
from an exact mapping to a model of the diffusion of hard-core random walkers
with conserved spins, and are also verified numerically. We also discuss some
implications of the existence of an infinity of conservation laws for a
hydrodynamic description.Comment: 39 pages, with 5 eps figures, to appear in J. Stat. Phys. (March
1997
Delocalization Transition of a Rough Adsorption-Reaction Interface
We introduce a new kinetic interface model suitable for simulating
adsorption-reaction processes which take place preferentially at surface
defects such as steps and vacancies. As the average interface velocity is taken
to zero, the self- affine interface with Kardar-Parisi-Zhang like scaling
behaviour undergoes a delocalization transition with critical exponents that
fall into a novel universality class. As the critical point is approached, the
interface becomes a multi-valued, multiply connected self-similar fractal set.
The scaling behaviour and critical exponents of the relevant correlation
functions are determined from Monte Carlo simulations and scaling arguments.Comment: 4 pages with 6 figures, new comment
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