Free convection heat transfer inside vertical cylinders with an isothermal wall

M.S.Charles W. Gorto

The Centrelink Experiment

Centrelink was established in 1997 as part of the Howard government’s bold experiment in re-framing social policy and re-shaping service delivery. Centrelink was the embodiment of a key tenet of the Howard vision for public service: a specialised service delivery ‘provider’ agency separated from the policy functions of the ‘purchaser’. Carved out of a monolithic Department of Social Security, Centrelink was established along ‘business lines’ operating 320 service centres and delivering payments to 10 million Australians. Although enjoying ‘monopoly provider’ status, the organisation was required to deliver services to many different clients on behalf of its ‘purchasing departments’ (up to 25 in total) under the terms of quasi-contractual service agreements. It was meant to demonstrate a greater level of both transparency and accountability for the administration of payments amounting to over $60 billion of Commonwealth expenditure. For many years there was a real ‘buzz’ around the Centrelink experiment and staff and clients were generally enthusiastic about the transformation. However, after around eight years, the experiment was reined in and Centrelink was placed under closer ministerial direction and under a new managing department. The experiment continues, but its trajectory reflects the different pressures impacting on such dedicated ‘services delivery agencies’. John Halligan, Professor of Government at the University of Canberra, is a foremost Australian expert on public sector governance and has published extensively on the evolution, form and behaviour of the public sectors in Australia and overseas. This volume is the culmination of an exhaustive empirical study of the origins and experience of ‘the Centrelink Experiment’. I commend this book to researchers, policy practitioners and students with an interest in policy innovation, change management and the realpolitik of public sector reform. John Wanna, Sir John Bunting Chair of Public Administration, The Australian National Universit

The Centrelink Experiment

Centrelink was established in 1997 as part of the Howard government’s bold experiment in re-framing social policy and re-shaping service delivery. Centrelink was the embodiment of a key tenet of the Howard vision for public service: a specialised service delivery ‘provider’ agency separated from the policy functions of the ‘purchaser’. Carved out of a monolithic Department of Social Security, Centrelink was established along ‘business lines’ operating 320 service centres and delivering payments to 10 million Australians. Although enjoying ‘monopoly provider’ status, the organisation was required to deliver services to many different clients on behalf of its ‘purchasing departments’ (up to 25 in total) under the terms of quasi-contractual service agreements. It was meant to demonstrate a greater level of both transparency and accountability for the administration of payments amounting to over $60 billion of Commonwealth expenditure. For many years there was a real ‘buzz’ around the Centrelink experiment and staff and clients were generally enthusiastic about the transformation. However, after around eight years, the experiment was reined in and Centrelink was placed under closer ministerial direction and under a new managing department. The experiment continues, but its trajectory reflects the different pressures impacting on such dedicated ‘services delivery agencies’. John Halligan, Professor of Government at the University of Canberra, is a foremost Australian expert on public sector governance and has published extensively on the evolution, form and behaviour of the public sectors in Australia and overseas. This volume is the culmination of an exhaustive empirical study of the origins and experience of ‘the Centrelink Experiment’. I commend this book to researchers, policy practitioners and students with an interest in policy innovation, change management and the realpolitik of public sector reform. John Wanna, Sir John Bunting Chair of Public Administration, The Australian National Universit

Promjena pristupa reformi javnog sektora u jednoj od zemalja engleskog govornog područja: slučaj Australije u komparativnoj perspektivi

For Anglophone countries, the reform era featured bold agendas that were comprehensive and systemic. The reputations of the central governments were based on managerialist and New Public Management (NPM) reforms that other countries had difficulty in emulating. Three decades on post-NPM agendas focused on countering the limitations of reforms driven by conviction and ideology, but sustaining the results of first generation reforms and defining and implementing coherent new directions have proved to be problematic. A new round of major reform inquiries has now occurred in Anglophone countries in an international context of fiscal instability and complex environmental pressures. How is a comprehensive reform managed under these circumstances? There is also the question of how to frame and give meaning to expectations for a public service system that is citizen-centric, horizontally aligned, governance focused and able to support central direction. Can the existing platform be simply refined and extended or is a paradigm change required? Without the right preconditions for reform, implementation becomes problematic. The reform approach of Australia is examined with reference to the comparable reviews of New Zealand and the United Kingdom.U zemljama engleskog govornog podrucja razdoblje reformi karakteristicno je po smionim, sveobuhvatnim sistemskim programima. Vlade tih zemalja temeljile su svoju reputaciju na menadžerskim reformama i novom javnom menadžmentu (NJM) koje su druge države dosta teško oponašale. Tri desetljeca kasnije, reformski programi nakon novog javnog menadžmenta usredotocili su se na neutraliziranje ogranicenja koje su nametnule reforme pokretane uvjerenjima i ideologijom, ali se ustrajanje na rezultatima prve generacije reformi kao i definiranje i primjenjivanje novih koherentnih smjernica pokazalo problematicnim. Novi se krug velikih reformskih poteza pojavio u zemljama engleskog govornog podrucja u međunarodnom kontekstu fiskalne nestabilnosti i složenih pritisaka okoline. Kako upravljati složenom reformom u takvim okolnostima? Tu je i pitanje kako uokviriti i dati znacenje ocekivanjima da se dobije sustav javne uprave koji je orijentiran prema gra&anima, horizontalno povezan, usmjeren na javno upravljanje i sposoban odgovoriti na zahtjeve središnje vlasti. Može li se postojeca platforma jednostavno dotjerati i proširiti ili je potrebna promjena paradigme? Bez pravih preduvjeta za reformu, njezina primjena postaje problematicna. U radu se razmatra reformski pristup Australije u komparaciji s onima Novog Zelanda i Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva

Continuity and Change in the New Zealand Parliament

Few legislatures in the world can claim a continuous existence as long as that of the New Zealand House of Representatives. The basic forms and procedures inherited from the House of Commons in the middle of last centure have persisted until the present. Formal changes to the rules have occurred intermittently during its history although the content of its work has altered. Because of the centrality of the House to the parliamentary system of government and its adaptability to the needs of successive generations of politicians, it has continued to play an important role in the political system

Public Sector Governance in Australia

Australia lacks a scholarly book that covers recent developments in public sector governance in Australia and blends cross-disciplinary perspectives from law, management, public administration and public policy. The primary reason for writing this book is to fill the gap in the treatment of this subject, and to provide insights from empirical evidence and current practice. The book provides the first comprehensive theoretical and empirical work on governance in the Commonwealth public sector. It addresses the issues that emerged under the Howard government as well as their handling under the Rudd and Gillard governments. The book aims to enhance understanding of and communication about public governance across government, industry and the community. The authors bring to this book expertise gained from political science, public administration and policy, public and private sector law

Hemispheric antagonism in visuo-spatial neglect: A case study

We report a case of severe visuo-spatial neglect consequent upon right-hemisphere stroke. At the time of testing, the patient had no visual field cut and no significant hemiparesis. Conventional testing on cancellation tasks with the right hand revealed reliable left neglect, but performance was significantly improved when the left hand was used. Investigations of (manual) line bisection showed normal performance with the right hand but right neglect when the left hand was used. Right neglect was also observed on a purely perceptual version of the line bisection task. We argue that the attentional vectors of the cerebral hemispheres can be modulated by (perceptual) task-demands and by (motorie) response demands. (JINS, 1996, 2, 412–418.

Working Across Boundaries: Barriers, Enablers, Tensions and Puzzles

The notion of working across boundaries continues to receive attention from scholars and practitioners of public policy, administration and management. In recent times, much emphasis has been placed on notions of inter-organisational, inter-jurisdictional and inter-sectoral working and a range of terms have emerged to capture this phenomenon: horizontal coordination, joined-up government, collaboration, whole-ofgovernment, holistic government, collaborative governance and so on. However, there is a core element that binds these various manifestations – the notion that we must traverse boundaries to achieve goals

A Scoping Review of Factors Associated With the Mental Health of Young People Who Have “Aged Out” of the Child Welfare System

Young people who grow up in care and then exit care around the age of 18 (care-leavers) are a particularly vulnerable group, at increased risk for mental health problems even relative to other care-experienced groups. Yet, little is understood about the factors underpinning this association. We used scoping review methods to synthesize the quantitative and qualitative literature on factors that are associated with mental health problems for care-leavers. Following rigorous methods, we systematically searched three scientific databases spanning psychology and social care and identified 23 peer-reviewed studies for inclusion. This review highlights the heterogeneity of this research, in terms of methodology and topics investigated. Topics included are as follows: pre-care maltreatment, care-related experiences, psychological factors (emotion regulation), social support, education, and adult functioning (e.g., housing, finances, employment). We found mixed and inconsistent findings across research studies. The strongest evidence-base is around the influence of social support upon the mental health of recent care-leavers, though methodological problems are discussed. The field benefits from several large-scale observational and longitudinal research studies. However, there is an over-reliance upon retrospective reporting, and the use of unvalidated measures is common. It is apparent that there are significant gaps in our current understanding of the mental health of care-leavers, in particular around modifiable factors. We discuss potential directions for future empirical research, both in terms of methodology and factors investigated