8 research outputs found
Informe preliminar sobre la aceptación de BAT 1297 en la zona cafetera de Caldas
Forty-four surveys were conducted on farmers growing the bean variety BAT 1297 in the department of Caldas, Colombia, and on prices in Mercaldas in the city of Manizales. This variety was found to very profitable when planted in association with coffee (both with and without agrochemicals) or with cassava, and in monoculture. Most farmers (76 percent) were satisfied with its yields, ranging between 25 and 29 kg per kilo of seed. `BAT 1297` accounted for 40 percent of the market in Mercaldas, that is, more than any other variety. The study indicated that 86 percent of farmers will continue to plant `BAT 1297` if the market is guaranteed, but only 14 percent would plant it for personal consumption. Among the reasons stated by farmers for planting `BAT 1297`, 35 percent were taking advantage of the ratoon of the coffee crop; 20 percent planted it as a trial; 16 percent because of a recommendation from FEDECAFE, and 14 percent because it fixes nitrogen. More than half of the farmers (53 percent) reported problems with pests and disease
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Community-Based Cluster-Randomized Trial to Reduce Opioid Overdose Deaths
BACKGROUNDEvidence-based practices for reducing opioid-related overdose deaths include overdose education and naloxone distribution, the use of medications for the treatment of opioid use disorder, and prescription opioid safety. Data are needed on the effectiveness of a community-engaged intervention to reduce opioid-related overdose deaths through enhanced uptake of these practices.METHODSIn this community-level, cluster-randomized trial, we randomly assigned 67 communities in Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio to receive the intervention (34 communities) or a wait-list control (33 communities), stratified according to state. The trial was conducted within the context of both the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic and a national surge in the number of fentanyl-related overdose deaths. The trial groups were balanced within states according to urban or rural classification, previous overdose rate, and community population. The primary outcome was the number of opioid-related overdose deaths among community adults.RESULTSDuring the comparison period from July 2021 through June 2022, the population-averaged rates of opioid-related overdose deaths were similar in the intervention group and the control group (47.2 deaths per 100,000 population vs. 51.7 per 100,000 population), for an adjusted rate ratio of 0.91 (95% confidence interval, 0.76 to 1.09; P = 0.30). The effect of the intervention on the rate of opioid-related overdose deaths did not differ appreciably according to state, urban or rural category, age, sex, or race or ethnic group. Intervention communities implemented 615 evidence-based practice strategies from the 806 strategies selected by communities (254 involving overdose education and naloxone distribution, 256 involving the use of medications for opioid use disorder, and 105 involving prescription opioid safety). Of these evidence-based practice strategies, only 235 (38%) had been initiated by the start of the comparison year.CONCLUSIONSIn this 12-month multimodal intervention trial involving community coalitions in the deployment of evidence-based practices to reduce opioid overdose deaths, death rates were similar in the intervention group and the control group in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic and the fentanyl-related overdose epidemic. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; HCS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04111939.)