The relationship between perceived family climate and glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus adolescent patients

Objective: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease which ranks third in children under age 16 years. Expressed emotion (EE) is a term that indicates a specific family climate including lack of emotional support (LES), irritability, and emotional over-involvement. It is known that the family environment is highly important for glycemic control in diabetic adolescents. In this study, the relationship between perceived EE and glycemic control in adolescents diagnosed with T1DM not accompanied by psychopathology were investigated. Methods: The study included 49 adolescents with T1DM and 50 adolescents as a control group. Adolescents with psychopathology and intellectual disability were excluded from the study. Perceived EE was measured by the Shortened Level of Expressed Emotion Scale (SLEES) and blood sugar regulation was assessed by HbA1c levels. Results: The adolescents with T1DM showed a significant difference in perceived EE (p = 0.020) and LES (p = 0.014) when compared with the control group. When diabetic adolescents were compared among themselves, the diabetic adolescents with poor glycemic control perceived greater EE (p = 0.033) and less emotional support (p = 0.049). In regression analyses, the predictive power of mother's educational level, the employment status of mothers and the subscale "LES" of SLEES combined to explain HbA1c level was determined to be 37.8%. Conclusion: The strong relationship between perceived EE and glycemic control showed us that perceived EE can hinder treatment compliance without causing psychopathology. For this reason, it is recommended that not only patients with psychopathology, but all diabetic adolescents receive psychosocial support and family interventions

Big data in adolescent psychiatry: Do patients share their psychiatric symptoms on social networking sites?

Background: Fascinating developments in big data technologies and unprecedented diffusion of social networking sites (SNSs) generate unseen opportunities for scientific fields, including psychiatry. This study focuses on the use of SNSs by adolescent psychiatric patients and the potential use of SNS-generated data to help medical practitioners diagnose and treat patients’ mental health. Our objective is to understand and measure the psychiatric and individual conditions in which symptom-sharing occurs on SNSs and the frequency of these conditions. Based on literature, we hypothesized that the perceived value of social network sites positively affects adolescents’ sharing of symptoms on these sites. Subjects and methods: An empirical test of this hypothesis was conducted with a survey of 224 adolescents admitted to a psychiatry clinic in Turkey. The hypothesis was tested using a hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results: The perceived value of SNSs explained an additional 37.8% of variation in symptom sharing on SNSs above and beyond the control variables, which are gender, age, type of disorder, and amount of internet and SNS use. The findings suggested that adolescents share symptoms on SNSs only if they attribute value to the SNSs that they use. We also found that 72% of adolescents in our sample shared their symptoms on SNSs. Conclusions: There is an attractive opportunity for information technology companies to develop, together with health professionals; data analytics that are able to detect symptoms to support psychiatric diagnoses and pave the way for big-data enabled personalized medicine

The comparative i̇nvestigation between perceived expressed emotion and self-esteem in adolescents with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder

Bu araştırmada, dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) olan, yaşları 12-16 arasında bulunan ergenlerin benlik saygısı ve algılanan duygu dışavurumu (DD) düzeylerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Polikliniği'ne 1 Nisan 2015-31 Temmuz 2015 tarihleri arasında başvuran 12-16 yaş grubunda bulunan toplam 41 DEHB'li ergen ve onların anne babalarından, kontrol grubu yaşları eşleştirilmiş sağlıklı 35 ergen ve onların anne babalarından oluşmuştur. Araştırmada çocukların benlik saygısı "Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği" ile; algılanan DD "Kısaltılmış Duygu Dışavurum Ölçeği" ile ölçülmüş, sosyodemografik özellikler "Bilgi Toplama Formu" ile saptanmıştır. İstatistiksel analiz için SPSS 22.0 programı kullanılmıştır. Gruplar arasında değişkenlerin karşılaştırılmasında student t testi ve chi-square testi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak benlik saygısının DEHB'li grupta anlamlı düzeyde düşük olduğu, algılanan DD'nin ise DEHB'li grupta anlamlı olarak yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuç, DEHB'li ergenlerin klinik değerlendirmesinde psikososyal boyutun da göz önünde bulundurulması açısından dikkat çekicidir.In this research, the relation has been compared whether there are significant differences between the self-esteem, and perceived expressed emotion (EE) of adolescents aged between 12-16 years old with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been investigated. The study population consisted of 41 children who were 12 and 16 years old and referred to the Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic with ADHD April 1, 2015 and July 31, 2015. The control group also comprises 35 healthy adolescent and their parents. In this study self-esteem has been measured by Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, perceived EE has been measured by "Shortened Level of Expressed Emotion Scale". Socio-demographic characteristics have been determined by Personal Information Form. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 22.0 for Windows. The differences between two groups were tested using independent sample t-test and chi-square test. As a result it has been statistically shown that there is significantly low self-esteem, and high perceived EE in the ADHD group. This is noticeable for it draws attention to the psycho-social dimension in the clinical evaluation of adolescents with ADHD

Attachment and parenting styles in adolescents with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder

GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) olan çocuk ve ergenler dürtü kontrolü, kendini sakinleştirme ve inhibisyon ile ilgili problemleri içeren öz-düzenleme eksikliklerinden dolayı yetişkinlerle özellikle de kendi aileleriyle problemler yaşamaktadırlar. Ayrıca ebeveyn tutumlarındaki sorunların, DEHB bulgularının şiddetini artırmada önemli rol oynadığı bildirilmektedir. Bu iki durumdan dolayı DEHB olan ergenlerin bağlanma örüntüleri ve ebeveynlik tutumları arasında bir ilişki olabileceğini düşündük. YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalışmaya DEHB tanısı koyulan 59 ergen ile herhangi bir psikopatoloji saptanmayan 66 kontrol katılmıştır. Katılımcılara sosyodemografik veri formu ve İlişki Ölçekleri Anketi, ebeveynlerine ise Aile Hayatı ve Çocuk Yetiştirme Tutum Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. BULGULAR: DEHB ve kontrol grubu arasında bağlanma stilleri açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark görülmemiştir. DEHB olan ergenlerin ebeveynlerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde daha çok ev kadınlığını reddetme, daha çok karı-koca geçimsizliği yaşadığı ve daha fazla baskı-disiplin uyguladığı değerlendirilmiştir. DEHB’li ergenlerde ebeveyn tutumu olarak baskı ve disiplin ile kayıtsız bağlanma arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur. TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Çalışmamız, nörogelişimsel bir bozukluk olan DEHB takibinde bağlanma özelliklerini ve ebeveyn tutumlarını değerlendirmenin bütüncül bir yaklaşım olarak gerekli olabileceğini düşündürmüştür.INTRODUCTION: Children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience problems with adults, especially with their parents, due to self-regulation deficiencies involving impulse control, self-restraint and inhibition problems. It is also reported that problems in parental attitudes play an important role in increasing the severity of ADHD findings. Because of these two conditions, we thought that there may be a relationship between attachment patterns and parenting styles of adolescents with ADHD. METHODS: 59 adolescents with ADHD and 66 adolescents without any psychopathology were included in the study. Socio-demographic data form and Adolescent Relationship Scales Questionnaire were applied to participants and Parental Attitude Research Instrument was applied to their parents. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in attachment styles between ADHD and control group. Parents of the ADHD group had significantly higher scores in the subscales of rejection of the homemaking role, marital conflict, and strict discipline than parents of the control group. Higher levels of dismissing attachment style were associated with higher strict discipline attitudes in the ADHD group. DISCUSSION and CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that evaluation of attachment characteristics and parental attitudes in ADHD that is a neurodevelopmental disorder, may be necessary as an integrated approach

Irritability and its relationships with psychological symptoms in adolescents with migraine: a case-control study

WOS: 000521674300002PubMed: 32212010Objective The aim of this study was to investigate self- and parent-reported irritability in adolescents with migraine and to evaluate the relationship between self- and parent-reported irritability and psychological symptoms in adolescents with migraine. Methods The sample of this single-center cross-sectional case-control study consisted of 71 adolescents with migraine (who were followed in a pediatric neurology clinic) and their parents. The control group consisted of 41 age- and sex-matched healthy adolescents and their parents. Results It was observed that there were significant differences in both self- (p < 0.001) and parent-reported (p < 0.001) irritability scores between the migraine and control groups. When the two groups were compared in terms of psychological symptoms, adolescents with migraine had significantly higher levels of anxiety (p < 0.001) and emotional problems (p < 0.001) than their healthy peers. This significant difference persisted even after controlling for confounding factors such as age, gender, family income, and maternal and paternal educational level. Our results revealed a moderate positive correlation between irritability scores and anxiety scores (r = 0.522, p < 0.001) and between irritability scores and emotional/behavioral problem scores (r = 0.487, p < 0.001) in the migraine group. In addition to these results, the odds ratios of self-reported irritability scores and emotional problem scores for migraine were 1.31 and 1.41, respectively. Conclusion The levels of anxiety, emotional/behavioral, and attention deficit/hyperactivity problems increased as the levels of irritability increased in the migraine group, suggesting that the psychosocial functionality of these adolescents may be impaired. Therefore, all adolescents with migraine (especially those with irritability) may have need of psychosocial support

Association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the Autonomic Nervous System: An Update

This article constitutes a review of the research on the relationship between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and autonomic nervous system (ANS) functionality. It also explores the possibility of using heart rate variability (HRV) to investigate the link between ADHD and autonomic dysfunction. One line of inquiry that has been the focus of sudies on the pathogensis of ADHD is the dysfunction of the autonomic system. The physiological measurements used to evaluate autonomic dysfunction are concentrated in the cardiovascular system. Databases were searched to identify studies published prior to August 2020. Studies that examined ANS with regard to medication use/treatment were excluded, while those related to ADHD etiopathogenesis were prioritized. In the present article, 52 studies, three of which were systematic reviews and meta-analyses, were evaluated. In general, although the etiopathogenetic association between ADHD and autonomic dysfunction (especially reduced parasympathetic activity) is remarkable, the findings are nonetheless contradictory. Heterogeneity, subtypes, and comorbidities in cases of ADHD appear to complicate the relationship with autonomic dysfunction