Research Notes : Turkey : Research on growing possibilities of some determinate soybean varieties as a second crop in Cukurova, Turkey

Cukurova region, located in 37°19\u27N latitude, extends from the Hatay province in the east to the i~el province in the west; from the Mediterranean Sea in the south to the Tourus Mountains in the north. It has 1.2 million hectares arable land; 1.1 million ha of land is used for growing field crops. Cukurova region has the most productive land of Turkey. For this reason, more than 50% of the arable land is irrigated and main crops are cotton and wheat

Research Notes : Turkey : Double-crop soybean production techniques in Turkey

Turkey is located between 36° and 42° N latitude. Syria, Iraq, and the Mediterranean Sea border Turkey on the south; the Black Sea on the north; Russia and Iran on the east; and the Aegean Sea, Greece and Bulgaria on the west. The country has a total area of 77.9 million hectares. Approximately 36% is cultivated, 26% is pasture and meadow land, and the remaining 38% is forest or unproductive land (Tarimsal Yapi ve Uretim, 1984)

Research Notes : Turkey : Screening of some soybean varieties for resistance to whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.)

There are approximately 70,000 hectares soybean planted area in Aegean, Mediterranean, and Southeastern Anatolian regions of Turkey. These regions have the most productive land of Turkey. The main crops in these areas are cotton and wheat

Research Notes : Turkey : Effect of cheese whey as a fertilizer on the increase of soybean nodules

Cheese whey, a dairy by-product with an estimated world production of 72 million tons, is a polluter to the environment if it is not treated before disposal. Among some practical and simple uses of whey is the use of it as a liquid fertilizer, which was the case in the pastures of USA and many other countries in the 1960s (Ryder, 1980). Since whey contains 50-55% of the dry matter of whole milk, it is rich in organic carbohydrate, fat, and some proteins and inorganic matter (mineral matter) and also in mostly lactic acid bacteria; 3 tons of whey equals 1 ton of animal fertilize

The Role of Aerodynamic Modifications in the Form of Tall Buildings Against Wind Excitation

Modern tall buildings go higher and higher with the advances in structural design and high strength materials. However, every advance in height comes with a new difficulty. Efficient structural systems, high strength materials, and increased height, result with decrease in building weight and damping, and increase in slenderness. On the other hand, as the height and slenderness increase, buildings suffer from increased flexibility, which has negative effects in wind loading. Flexible structures are affected by vibration under the action of wind which cause building motion, and plays an important role in the structural and architectural designs. Understandably, contemporary tall buildings are much more vulnerable to wind excitation than their predecessors. Hence, different design methods and modifications are possible in order to ensure the functional performance of flexible structures and control the wind induced motion of tall buildings. An extremely important and effective design approach among these methods is aerodynamic modifications in architecture. In this context, the authors classify these aerodynamic modifications in architecture for resisting the lateral loads. Wind safe tall building design begins with the architect, and the influence of the wind action must be taken into consideration from the very beginning of the architectural design process by considering building aerodynamics

Injury to the lacrimal apparatus after endoscopic sinus surgery: Surgical implications from active transport dacryocystography

In order to evaluate the lacrimal drainage system injury after functional endoscopic sinus surgery, surgical records and postoperative active transport dacryocystography imaging of 31 patients were analyzed. Presence of the lacrimal bone dehiscence and no passage of the contrast material into the inferior meatus were noted as the signs of injury to the lacrimal canal on active transport dacryocystography. Bony dehiscence was detected in 53.2% of the operated sides but 20% of the nonoperated sides. No passage of the contrast material into the inferior meatus was observed in 14.9% of the operated sides. There were no cases of epiphora postoperatively. The lacrimal drainage system injury was more frequently observed on the left sides operated. We conclude that lacrimal drainage system injury might occur in various extents during functional endoscopic sinus surgery. However, it does not necessarily result in postoperative epiphora. Performing the middle meatal antrostomy in posteroinferior direction, and uncinectomy with backbiting forceps or a shaver might help in reducing the lacrimal injury. Active transport dacryocystography can be adopted as an alternative diagnostic tool in detection of the lacrimal injury. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001;124:308-12.) Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has gained popularity among otorhinolaryngologists since its first introduction in mid-70s. The primary reason is probably that it enables direct visualization of intranasal anatomic structures and pathologies. Although the procedure seems to be easy to perform, it is indeed a delicate operation, and surgical injury to the neighboring structures does still occur. Various important complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leak and blindness have been reported following FESS. 1 Nevertheless, lacrimal injury is frequently overlooked. Lacrimal drainage system (LDS) is one of the most vulnerable structures to the surgical trauma in the course of FESS due to its intimate anatomic localization. Epiphora after LDS injury has been reported to range from 0.3 to 1.7%. 2-4 However, LDS injury does not necessarily result in epiphora. Asymptomatic cases, which had the intraoperative occult damage, have also been reported in 15% of the patients undergoing endoscopic ethmoidectomies. 3 Therefore, assessing the anatomic integrity and function of the LDS is important. Several methods have been used for evaluation of the LDS. METHODS AND MATERIALS In order to examine the degree and type of possible injury to the LDS, 31 patients who underwent FESS at the otorhinolaryngology department of Celal Bayar University School of Medicine in Manisa, Turkey, were postoperatively evaluated with ATD. Clinical records regarding the age and gender of the patients, diagnosis, type of operation, and surgical findings as well as the period between the operation and ATD evaluation were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who had preoperative epiphora or previous dacryocystorhinostomy operation were excluded from the study. The parameters studied on ATD examination for the evaluation of the LDS injury were the integrity of the bony lacrimal canal and its patency, which was indicated by observation of the nonionic contrast material in the inferior meatus. Operative and ATD findings were analyzed separately on the left and right sides in each patient. In unilateral cases, ATD findings on the nonoperated side were also recorded as a control group. The side differences in all surgical interventions and differences in findings between the operated and the nonoperated sides in unilateral cases were statistically analyzed. A t test was used in statistical analysis for the comparison of the percentages. All patients were operated on using the technique of FESS described by Stammberger 1 and Kennedy et a

Ion source and LEBT of KAHVELab proton beamline

The KAHVE Laboratory, at Bo\u{g}azi\c{c}i University, Istanbul, Turkey is home to an educational proton linac project. The proton beam will originate from a 20 keV H+ source and will be delivered to a two module Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) operating at 800 MHz via a low energy beam transport (LEBT) line. Currently, the design phase being over, commissioning and stability tests are ongoing for the proton beamline which is already produced and installed except the RFQ which is being manufactured. This work summarizes the design, production and test phases of the ion source and LEBT line components