26 research outputs found
Comparative Laser Spectroscopy Diagnostics for Ancient Metallic Artefacts Exposed to Environmental Pollution
Metal artworks are subjected to corrosion and oxidation processes due to reactive agents present in the air, water and in the ground that these objects have been in contact with for hundreds of years. This is the case for archaeological metals that are recovered from excavation sites, as well as artefacts exposed to polluted air. Stabilization of the conservation state of these objects needs precise diagnostics of the accrued surface layers and identification of original, historical materials before further protective treatments, including safe laser cleaning of unwanted layers. This paper presents analyses of the chemical composition and stratigraphy of corrosion products with the use of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman spectroscopy. The discussion of the results is supported by material studies (SEM-EDS, XRF, ion-analyses). The tests were performed on several samples taken from original objects, including copper roofing from Wilanów Palace in Warsaw and Karol Poznański Palace in ŁódŸ, bronze decorative figures from the Wilanów Palace gardens, and four archaeological examples of old jewellery (different copper alloys). Work has been performed as a part of the MATLAS project in the frames of EEA and Norway Grants (www.matlas.eu) and the results enable the comparison of the methodology and to elaborate the joint diagnostic procedures of the three project partner independent laboratories
Plastic working of titanium Grade2 using hydrostatic extrusion method
Wyciskanie hydrostatyczne (WH) należy do technologii przeróbki plastycznej i jest specyficzną odmianą wyciskania współbieżnego. Metody wyciskania współbieżnego są używane głównie do wytwarzania produktów podłużnych pełnych lub wydrążonych o różnych profilach przekroju poprzecznego. Prezentowane w tej pracy wyciskanie hydrostatyczne dotyczy tytanu Grade2 oraz prętów o przekroju kołowym. Wyniki licznych badań dowiodły, że odkształcanie różnych metali metodą WH umożliwia rozdrobnienie ziarna oraz istotne umocnienie. Generalnie stwierdzono, że metoda WH pozwala wytwarzać metale o strukturach nanoziarnistych oraz ultradrobnoziarnistych. Celem pracy była ocena możliwości zastosowania metody wyciskania hydrostatycznego do przeróbki plastycznej tytanu Grade2. Scharakteryzowano metodę WH oraz wykazano jej duży potencjał w kontekście przeróbki tytanu Grade2. W pracy przedstawiono i omówiono cztery przykładowe, niezależne procesy technologiczne wyciskania hydro-statycznego tytanu. Zaprezentowano wyniki badań strukturalnych oraz właściwości mechaniczne uzyskanych produktów. Wyniki dowiodły, iż stosując technologię WH, możliwe jest uzyskanie w tytanie Grade2 struktury nanoziarnistej o średniej wielkości ziaren w przedziale 50–70 nm. Jednocześnie zaobserwowano istotne umocnienie wyciskanego materiału wyrażone wzrostem granicy plastyczności, wytrzymałości na rozciąganie oraz twardości. Uzyskany nanoziarnisty tytan charakteryzował się właściwościami mechanicznymi porównywalnymi z właściwościami stopu tytanu Ti6Al4V. Ponadto, w prezentowanej pracy potwierdzono, że można wyprodukować lity i objętościowy nanoziarnisty Ti w formie prętów o różnych średnicach, tzn. że możliwe jest skalowanie średnicy wsadu i produktu.Hydrostatic extrusion (HE) belongs to the technology of plastic working, and is a specific variation of direct extrusion. Direct extrusion methods are mainly used to produce oblong solid or hollow products with different transverse-section profiles. The hydrostatic extrusion presented in this paper concerns titanium Grade2 and rods with a circular transverse section. The results of numerous studies have shown that the deformation of various metals by the HE method enables grain refinement and significant strengthening. Generally, it was found, that the HE method makes it possible to manufacture metals having nanograined and ultrafinegrained structures. The aim of the work was to evaluate the possibilities of using the hydrostatic extrusion method for plastic working of titanium Grade2. The HE method was characterized and its great potential in the context of processing Ti Grade2 was demonstrated. In this paper, four exemplary, independent technological processes of the hydrostatic extrusion of titanium were presented and discussed. The results of our structural research and tests of the mechanical properties of the products obtained were presented. Those results proved that, using HE technology, it is possible to obtain in titanium Grade2 a nanograined structure characterized by an average grain size of 50–70 nm. At the same time, a significant strengthening of the extruded material was observed, expressed by an increase in yield strength, tensile strength and hardness. The obtained nanograined titanium was characterized by mechanical properties comparable to that of titanium Ti6Al4V alloy. Moreover, in the presented work it was confirmed that it is possible to produce solid and bulk nanograined Ti in the form of rods of different diameters i.e. that is possible to scale up the diameter of the billet and the product
Positive Hydrogen Effect in Structure Surface Layers on Ti Alloy
score: 0collation: 263-26
Nanocrystalline Titanium Rods Processed by Hydrostatic Extrusion
score: 0collation: 777-78
Influence of Hydrostatic Extrusion Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 6082 Aluminium Alloy
score: 0collation: 197-20
Processing by Hydrostatic Extrusion of Titanium Coated with Aluminides
score: 0collation: 63-6
The Influence of the Initial State on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hydrostatically Extruded Titanium
score: 0collation: 191-19
Processing by Hydrostatic Extrusion of Titanium Coated with Aluminides
score: 0collation: 63-6