AKTIVITAS ANTIVIRAL CURCUMIN TERHADAP VIRUS DENGUE : Studi Eksperimental In Vitro pada Galur Sel A549

Introduction : Dengue virus (DENV) is the most geographically widespread arbovirus and a major worldwide problem. Viral load is associated with severity of the disease in the patients, but there is no licensed antiviral drug available. Consequently, the current treatment for DENV infection is limited to early detection, fluid replacement and symptomatic therapy. Therefore, antiviral drug should be more effective treatment. In this study, we investigated the antiviral effect of Curcumin, a major active constituent of turmeric (Curcuma longa), on DENV growth in human lung epithelial carcinoma (A549) cells line. Methods : Initially, we conducted Curcumin A549 cells toxicity assay to determine Curcumin’s Cytotoxic Dose (CC50) in A549 cells. Then, we infected the cells with DENV-1 at multiplicity of infection = 1 and treated the cells with multisubtoxic dose Curcumin during whole incubation (Full Time) and after the virus entry to the cells (After Entry). We incubated the infected cells with Curcumin for 48 H and latter, determined virus titer with Plaque Assay. Results : Based on Curcumin A549 cells toxicity assay, we found that Curcumin would not significantly affect A549 cells in concentration up to 50 μm with CC50= 151.19 μM. The results showed treatment of DENV infected cells with Curcumin could significantly reduce virus titer in full time treatment, with IC50 = 20.383 μM, but the results from After Entry treatment showed non-significant reduction in virus titer, with IC50 = 33.062 μM. Conclusion : Curcumin has an antiviral activity against DENV infection and could provide new therapeutic approach for DENV infection. Keywords: Curcumin, Dengue, A549 cel

Antiviral activities of curcumin and 6‐gingerol against infection of four dengue virus serotypes in A549 human cell line in vitro

Dengue virus (DENV) is the most geographically widespread arbovirus causing dengue disease epidemics in tropical and subtropical regions. Nature provides abundant plants as a source for lead molecules against various diseases including DENV infection. We investigated the antiviral effect of curcumin and 6‐gingerol, the major active constituent of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) and ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), respectively, against all four serotypes of DENV infecting human lung epithelial carcinoma (A549) cell line in vitro. Both compounds generated cell cytotoxicity to A549 cells at CC50 values of 108 µM for curcumin and 210 µM for 6‐gingerol. The compound curcumin showed antiviral properties as described by IC50 of 20.60, 13.95, 25.54, and 12.35 µM, while 6‐gingerol of 14.70, 14.17, 78.76, and 112.84 µM for DENV‐1, ‐2, ‐3, and ‐4, respectively. Different levels of antiviral properties were observed between DENV serotypes. Our findings suggest that the antiviral assay of compounds against DENV should be performed to all four serotypes and not limited to a particular serotype. In conclusion, curcumin and 6‐gingerol exhibit antiviral properties against DENV infection and could provide a new therapeutic approach for dengue disease treatment strategies

Combination of Ursodeoxycholic Acid and Glutathione Improves Intestinal Morphology in Cholestasis by Downregulating TNF-α Expression

BACKGROUND: Cholestasis caused by obstruction of the common bile duct and may developed gut-derived sepsis due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and glutathione are widely known for their antioxidant properties, that might be beneficial against ROS. However, the effects of UDCA-glutathione combination against ROS have not been well elucidated in previous studies. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level and height of terminal ileal mucosal villus after UDCA-glutathione administration in cholestasis rat model.METHODS: Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly grouped into four treatment groups, each group consisted of seven rats that had previously undergone bile duct ligation. Three groups received treatment of UDCA-glutathione combination on stratified dose, while the other one only received UDCA. Each treatment was given for 21 days. Ileal samples were collected from the rats and stained with mouse anti TNF-a antibody and hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Immunohistochemistry and histopathological examination were done using microscope and then calculated with ImageJ.RESULTS: The combination of UDCA and glutathione treatment decreased the TNF-α expression (p<0.05) compared to UDCA only group, particularly in group that received 20 mg UDCA and 15 mg glutathione supplementation (p<0.05) and group that received 30 mg UDCA and 20 mg glutathione supplementation (p<0.05). The height of the mucosa villous was higher in the UDCA-glutathione combination groups for all the three dosage variations given (p<0.05) compared to UDCA only group.CONCLUSION: UDCA-glutathione combination downregulates TNF-α expression and improves ileum mucosal villus height in cholestasis.KEYWORDS: cholestasis, glutathione, intestinal villus height, TNF-α, UDCA