Documenting multiple metasomatic events within the Finero phlogopite peridotite using chlorine isotopes, Ivrea zone, Italy

Depleted mantle peridotites from the Finero body in the Ivrea Zone were infiltrated by metasomatizing melts/fluids prior to their incorporation into the lower continental crust. Metasomatism resulted in pervasive development of phlogopite and amphibole throughout much of the body, as well as the formation of phlogopite-rich segregations. Previous trace element and isotopic data have been interpreted by different authors to reflect metasomatism induced by slab-derived, rift-related (continental), or plume-related melts/fluids. Several of these geochemical studies conclude that the rocks experienced two discrete metasomatic events. Here we combine chlorine and hydrogen stable isotopic data with field and petrologic data to better constrain the number of alteration events, the source(s) of the metasomatizing fluid/melt, and the migration mechanism(s) of the fluid/melt. Four types of samples were collected from two localities: (1) foliated phlogopite + amphibole peridotite, (2) crosscutting phlogopite + amphibole segregations, (3) a single crosscutting phlogopite + orthopyroxene segregation, and (4) cumulate amphibole peridotites. Group 1 peridotites range in textures from massive, showing few deformation features, to samples with well-developed olivine + orthopyroxene ± phlogopite ± amphibole shape-preferred orientation and evidence for subgrain rotation recrystallization of olivine and orthopyroxene. Thermodynamic modeling using Perple_X indicates that Group 1 samples equilibrated at temperatures of ~800-900°C, which is consistent with deformation microstructures seen in samples collected for this study. Microprobe data from Group 1 samples show large variations within and between samples. Three distinct populations of amphiboles are defined on the basis of Na, K, Al, and Cr concentrations. Group 1 samples show a weak correlation in Cl vs. Na concentrations in amphibole, with an R² value of 0.414. Large variations in chlorine and hydrogen isotopic values occur both within and between groups, and do not obviously correlate with major cation or whole-rock concentrations: Group 1: δ37Cl = -1.3 to +3.3° (whole rock, n=8), δD = -48 to -36° (phlogopite, n=2); Group 2: δ37Cl = -2.1 and -1.7° (WR, n=2), δD = -49 and -40° (phlogopite, n=2); Group 3, one sample: δ37Cl = -0.1° (WR, n=1), δD = -80° (phlogopite, n=1); Group 4: δ37Cl = +0.8 to +1.9 (WR, n=3), δD not yet available. There is no correlation between δ37Cl values and sample location, chlorine concentration, major element composition, or phlogopite and amphibole abundances. The isotopic and compositional heterogeneity within and between groups could reflect interaction between peridotite and (a) multiple fluids from different sources, or (b) a single fluid that evolved chemically. However, hypothesis (b) would require large chlorine and hydrogen isotopic fractionations to have occurred under mantle conditions, a conclusion that is inconsistent with experimental and theoretical studies. The lack of correlation between the isotope and petrologic data is more consistent with multiple pulses of chemically and isotopically distinct fluids, with evidence for meter-scale or smaller equilibration distances. It is unlikely that the large range of δ37Cl values could have been produced solely by mantle melting in a rift or plume setting. Instead, the heterogeneity likely reflects relatively small-scale pulses of fluid/melt derived from different slab components and mantle melts in a subduction setting. Some studies argue that large-scale breakdown of serpentine at depths of ~200 km in the subducting lithosphere plays the major role in hydrating the mantle wedge and triggering formation of arc magmas. However, the Finero mantle peridotite shows that repeated smaller scale episodes of hydration from shallower, isotopically distinct slab sources can also cause significant modification of the mantle wedge. Similarly heterogeneous rocks in the upper levels of modern mantle wedges may contribute to the arc signature of melts either by interaction with magmas that pass through them or by downward entrainment into the zone of partial melting

Moisture in Molasses as a Factor in the Heating of Feeds.

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Influence of Moisture on Heating in Feeds.

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Moisture in Molasses as a Factor in the Heating of Feeds.

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Girdling: effects of carbon-13 concentrations and biomass in mycorrhizal fungi.

General EcologyOur study examined the effects of girdling trees on both the total biomass and the stable carbon -13 isotope concentrations of mycorrhizal fungi. In order to conduct this research we used two test sites, the FASET (Forest Accelerated Succession ExperimenT) and the reference plot. During the spring of 2008, in the FASET forest plot all Bigtooth Aspen and Birch trees were girdled, which in turn kills the trees. We used mesh bags to monitor the growth of fungi one year after the girdling process. After the bags were collected we separated the fungi and analyzed them. We found no significant correlation between biomass of the two plots, as well as no variation in carbon-13 levels. In hopes of explaining this inconclusive evidence we looked at tree specific biomass to see if species had any effect on total biomass. The results showed that only Red Maple demonstrated higher levels of biomass between reference and FASET plots. One explanation for these results could be the intermingling of tree roots below ground, which would allow for the mutualistic mycorrhizal fungi to transfer to other tree roots without loss of biomass. Future studies that could be done include monitoring hyphal growth closer to the date of girdling to ensure that population size of fungi are representative of the new growth after girdling. In addition we would like to measure carbon-13 concentrations in the flowering bodies of the fungi precisely after the trees are girdled.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/85764/1/Baldrica_Fortier_Halick_2011.pd

PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS PACIENTES COM TRANSTORNO DE DÉFICIT DE ATENÇÃO E HIPERATIVIDADE NA REGIÃO DE GUARAPUAVA

Objective: to describe and analyze the sociodemographic, economic characteristics and difficulties reported by the ADHD child and family assisted in Guarapuava and region. Methodology: Observational, cross-sectional prospective, descriptive and analytical study. The database consisted of forms filled in by family members/patients of the Neurofisio Institute of the Municipality of Guarapuava-Paraná who have the diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and by patients with the diagnosis that were reached through dissemination in social media and who agreed to participate in the research. The age group to be studied was between 5 and 54 years old. Results: At the end of data collection, a sample of 70 participants with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was reached. There was a predominance of females, white, and the mean age was 28.2 years. It was found 91.4% of the participants belonging to the urban region. In addition, 45.7% reported having had the diagnosis between 3-10 years and 55.4% mentioned knowing the LEI Nº 14,254. Furthermore, 45.7% practice aerobic physical activities and 54.3% undergo therapy with a psychologist and/or speech therapist. Furthermore, with regard to associated disorders, there was a predominance of depression and/or anxiety in 59.4%. Regarding drug treatment, the main drug used it was the methylphenidate, which 16.8% consider using. Conclusion: It is important to conduct a patient-oriented approach, implementing a multimodal approach with the involvement of the family, school and the participation of a multidisciplinary team to offer the best treatment to the ADHD patient.Objetivo: descrever e analisar as características sociodemográficas, econômicas e dificuldades relatadas pela criança TDAH e família atendidos em Guarapuava e região. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo e analítico. A base de dados foi composta por formulários preenchidos pelos familiares/pacientes do Instituto Neurofisio do Município de Guarapuava-Paraná que possuem o diagnóstico de Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) e por pacientes com o diagnóstico que foram alcançados através de divulgação em mídias sociais e que aceitaram participar da pesquisa. A faixa etária a ser estudada foi entre 5 a 54 anos de idade. Resultados: Ao final da coleta de dados, atingiu-se uma amostra de 70 participantes com TDAH. Houve predominância do sexo feminino, da raça branca e a média de idade foi de 28,2 anos. Foi encontrado 91,4% dos participantes pertencentes à região urbana. Além disso 45,7% relataram ter tido o diagnóstico entre 3-10 anos e 55,4% mencionaram conhecer a LEI Nº 14.254. Outrossim, 45,7% praticam atividades físicas aeróbicas e 54,3% fazem terapia com psicóloga e/ou fonoaudióloga. Ademais, ao que tange transtornos associados houve predomínio da depressão e/ou ansiedade em 59,4%. Em relação ao tratamento medicamentoso, o principal medicamento usado foi o metilfenidato, em que 16,8% ponderam fazer uso. Conclusão: É importante realizar uma conduta voltada ao paciente, implementando uma abordagem multimodal com envolvimento da família, escola e participação de uma equipe multidisciplinar para ofertar o melhor tratamento ao paciente TDAH

Rett syndrome: retrospective and prospective study of 28 patients

From November 1982 to May 1999, 28 children with Rett syndrome were followed-up for a medium period of 6 years and 2 months. Regression of developmental milestones started at the age between 5 and 20 months. Nineteen cases of typical Rett syndrome had uneventful pre and perinatal periods, loss of previously acquired purposeful hand skills, mental and motor regression and developed hand stereotypies; sixteen had head growth deceleration and 12 gait apraxia. Nine patients were atypical cases, 2 formes frustres, 2 congenital, 3 with early seizure onset, 1 preserved speech and 1 male. Epilepsy was present in 21 patients, predominantly partial seizures and the drug of choise was carbamazepine (15 patients). In the initial evaluation most patients were distributed on Stages II and III and on follow-up on Stages III and IV. Three children died.No período entre Novembro 1982 e Maio 1999, 28 crianças com Síndrome de Rett foram seguidas por um período médio de 6 anos e 2 meses.O início da regressão do desenvolvimento psicomotor ocorreu entre 5 e 20 meses.Os 19 casos de síndrome de Rett típica apresentavam períodos pré e perinatal normais,e evoluíram com perda das habilidades previamente adquiridas, retardo psicomotor e estereotipias de mãos; 16 tinham desaceleração do crescimento craniano e 12 tinham marcha anormal. Nove pacientes foram casos atípicos: 2 formas frustras, 2 congênitas, 3 com crises precoces, 1 com fala preservada e 1 sendo do sexo masculino. A epilepsia esteve presente em 21 pacientes com crises predominantemente parciais e a droga de escolha foi a carbamazepina (15 pacientes). Na avaliação inicial a maioria dos pacientes estava distribuída em estágios II e III da síndrome e evolutivamente passaram aos estágios III e IV, sendo que 3 faleceram.40741

Monotonicity Of The Lagrangian Function In The Parametric Interior Point Methods Of Convex Programming

. Monotonicity of the Lagrangian function corresponding to the general root quasibarrier as well as to the general inverse barrier function of convex programming is proved. It is shown that monotonicity generally need not take place. On the other hand for LP-problems with some special structure monotonicity is proved for a very general class of interior point transformation functions. 1. Introduction Current interest in interior point methods for linear programming was sparked by the 1984 algorithm of N. Karmarkar [7] that is claimed to be much faster than the simplex method for practical problems. The equivalence of Karmarkar's projective scaling method to interior point methods was pointed out by Gill and others in 1986 [4]. Since then the interior point methods for convex programming have been intensively studied again. Recently some attention has been given to the monotonicity of the corresponding Lagrangian function (with respect to the considered parameter). The known results co..

Causes of and methods of preventing heating in feed ingredients and mixed feeds

71 leaves ill.Printing process for original document: Multilith proces